Understanding the effect of wind speed variation on wind-induced momentary discomfort is the basis to improve the train vibration comfort. This study focuses on this challenge. Firstly, the momentary discomfort evaluation index Pw is developed and proved by the full-scale test. Then, setting Pw as the critical value, a multi-body nonlinear numerical investigation of the effect of the wind speed change rate, peak-wind speed duration, and wind speed variation amplitude on momentary discomfort in a train is conducted. Furthermore, the unfavourable wind speed variation condition for the wind-induced momentary discomfort in the train is obtained. Results indicate that the most intense condition for the train vibration momentary discomfort appears when the change rate of wind speed is faster and the duration of the peak wind drives the car-body rolling to the limit position. Consequently, critical wind speed for the wind-induced momentary discomfort in changing wind speed conditions is proposed, which provides a reference for an efficient train operation scheme to improve vibration comfort in a train under wind speed variation conditions.

了解风速变化对风致瞬时不适的影响是提高列车振动舒适度的基础。本研究重点关注这一挑战。首先，制定了瞬时不适评价指标Pw，并通过全尺寸试验证明。然后，设置Pw作为临界值，对风速变化率、峰值风速持续时间和风速变化幅度对列车瞬间不适的影响进行了多体非线性数值研究。进而得到了列车风引起的瞬时不适的不利风速变化条件。结果表明，当风速变化速度较快且峰值风持续时间较长时，车体滚动到极限位置时，列车振动瞬间不适最为剧烈。因此，提出了风速变化条件下风引起的瞬时不适的临界风速，为有效提高列车在风速变化条件下的振动舒适性的列车运行方案提供参考。