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Hidden in plain sight: A microanalytical study of a Middle Stone Age ochre piece trapped inside a micromorphological block sample
Geoarchaeology ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 , DOI: 10.1002/gea.21830
Magnus M. Haaland 1, 2, 3 , André M. Strauss 4 , Elizabeth C. Velliky 1, 2 , Susan M. Mentzer 3, 5 , Christopher E. Miller 2, 3, 5 , Karen L. Niekerk 1, 2 , Christopher S. Henshilwood 1, 2, 6
Affiliation  

A complete Middle Stone Age ochre piece was unintentionally collected and fully preserved within a micromorphological block sample intended to characterise a 74 ± 3 ka occupation horizon at Blombos Cave, South Africa. Previously recovered ochre pieces from the same stratigraphic context (Still Bay) have displayed intricate modification patterns with significant behavioural implications. Yet, in the case of the trapped ochre, a direct visual assessment of its surfaces was impossible due to its impregnated state. In this study, we demonstrate how we successfully reconstructed three‐dimensionally and characterised the block‐sampled ochre piece using high‐resolution microcomputed tomography scanning coupled with a range of microanalytical techniques, including optical petrography, micro‐Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy, micro‐X‐ray fluorescence and micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Through a morphometric analysis of the score marks present on the trapped ochre's reconstructed surface, we were able to assess the types of modifications and the nature of the actions that created them. Our results show that a block sample‐based study of archaeological artefacts allows for a comprehensive assessment of their depositional and microcontextual setting, their external morphology and microtopography, as well as their internal texture and geochemical properties. We suggest that this type of context‐sensitive, multiscalar and multidisciplinary investigation may also prove beneficial in the study of conventionally recovered archaeological artefacts.

中文翻译:

隐藏在清晰的视线中:对微石块样品中陷入的中石器时代o石片的微观分析研究

无意中收集了完整的中石器时代o石并将其完全保存在微形态块状样品中,该样品旨在表征南非Blombos洞穴的74±3 ka占领层。来自相同地层背景(Still Bay)的先前恢复的o石碎片显示出复杂的修改模式,具有重要的行为意义。然而,在陷的情况下,由于其浸渍状态,不可能对其表面进行直接的视觉评估。在这项研究中,我们演示了如何使用高分辨率微计算机断层扫描技术以及一系列显微分析技术,包括光学岩相学,显微傅里叶变换红外光谱法,三维傅里叶变换光谱学,三维傅里叶变换,显微X射线荧光和显微拉曼光谱。通过对困住的石重建表面上存在的划痕进行形态计量分析,我们能够评估修饰的类型以及产生修饰的行为的性质。我们的结果表明,对考古文物进行基于块样本的研究,可以对其沉积和微环境设置,其外部形态和微形貌以及其内部纹理和地球化学特性进行全面评估。我们建议,这种类型的上下文敏感,多标量和多学科的研究也可能在传统上恢复的考古文物的研究中被证明是有益的。在重建的表面上,我们能够评估修改的类型以及创建修改的操作的性质。我们的结果表明,对考古文物进行基于块样本的研究,可以对其沉积和微环境设置,其外部形态和微形貌以及其内部纹理和地球化学特性进行全面评估。我们建议,这种类型的上下文敏感,多标量和多学科的研究也可能在传统上恢复的考古文物的研究中被证明是有益的。在重建的表面上,我们能够评估修改的类型以及创建修改的操作的性质。我们的结果表明,对考古文物进行基于块样本的研究,可以对其沉积和微背景环境,其外部形态和微形貌以及其内部纹理和地球化学特性进行全面评估。我们建议,这种类型的上下文敏感,多标量和多学科的研究也可能在传统上恢复的考古文物的研究中被证明是有益的。它们的外部形态和微观形貌,以及它们的内部纹理和地球化学性质。我们建议,这种类型的上下文敏感,多标量和多学科的研究也可能在传统上恢复的考古文物的研究中被证明是有益的。它们的外部形态和微观形貌,以及它们的内部纹理和地球化学性质。我们建议,这种类型的上下文敏感,多标量和多学科的研究也可能在传统上恢复的考古文物的研究中被证明是有益的。
更新日期:2020-12-15
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