Alpha modulation in younger and older adults during distracted encoding,European Journal of Neuroscience

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Alpha modulation in younger and older adults during distracted encoding
European Journal of Neuroscience ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 , DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15086
Syanah C Wynn _{1,

2,

3} , Erika Nyhus _{2,

3} , Ole Jensen ₄

Affiliation

To successfully encode information into long-term memory, we need top-down control to focus our attention on target stimuli. This attentional focus is achieved by the modulation of sensory neuronal excitability through alpha power. Failure to modulate alpha power and to inhibit distracting information has been reported in older adults during attention and working memory tasks. Given that alpha power during encoding can predict subsequent memory performance, aberrant oscillatory modulations might play a role in age-related memory deficits. However, it is unknown whether there are age-related differences in memory performance or alpha modulation when encoding targets with distraction. Here we show that both older and younger adults are able to encode targets paired with distractors and that the level of alpha power modulation during encoding predicted recognition success. Even though older adults showed signs of higher distractibility, this did not harm their episodic memory for target information. Also, we demonstrate that older adults only modulated alpha power during high distraction, both by enhancing target processing and inhibiting distractor processing. These results indicate that both younger and older adults are able to employ the same inhibitory control mechanisms successfully, but that older adults fail to call upon these when distraction is minimal. The findings of this study give us more insight into the mechanisms involved in memory encoding across the lifespan.

中文翻译：

注意力分散编码过程中年轻人和老年人的阿尔法调制

为了成功地将信息编码到长期记忆中，我们需要自上而下的控制来将注意力集中在目标刺激上。这种注意力集中是通过阿尔法功率调节感觉神经元的兴奋性来实现的。据报道，老年人在执行注意力和工作记忆任务时无法调节阿尔法功率并抑制分散注意力的信息。鉴于编码期间的阿尔法功率可以预测随后的记忆表现，异常的振荡调制可能在与年龄相关的记忆缺陷中发挥作用。然而，当对分散注意力的目标进行编码时，尚不清楚记忆性能或阿尔法调制是否存在与年龄相关的差异。在这里，我们表明，老年人和年轻人都能够对与干扰物配对的目标进行编码，并且编码期间的阿尔法功率调制水平可以预测识别成功。尽管老年人表现出更容易分心的迹象，但这并没有损害他们对目标信息的情景记忆。此外，我们还证明，老年人仅在高度分心时通过增强目标处理和抑制分心处理来调节阿尔法功率。这些结果表明，年轻人和老年人都能够成功地采用相同的抑制控制机制，但老年人在分心最小时无法调用这些机制。这项研究的结果让我们更深入地了解整个生命周期中记忆编码的机制。

更新日期：2020-12-15

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