The sediment profile from Lake Gościąż in central Poland comprises a continuous, seasonally resolved and exceptionally well‐preserved archive of the Younger Dryas (YD) climate variation. This provides a unique opportunity for detailed investigation of lake system responses during periods of rapid climate cooling (YD onset) and warming (YD termination). The new varve record of Lake Gościąż presented here spans 1662 years from the late Allerød (AL) to the early Preboreal (PB). Microscopic varve counting provides an independent chronology with a YD duration of 1149+14/–22 years, which confirms previous results of 1140±40 years. We link stable oxygen isotopes and chironomid‐based air temperature reconstructions with the response of various geochemical and varve microfacies proxies especially focusing on the onset and termination of the YD. Cooling at the YD onset lasted ~180 years, which is about a century longer than the terminal warming that was completed in ~70 years. During the AL/YD transition, environmental proxy data lagged the onset of cooling by ~90 years and revealed an increase of lake productivity and internal lake re‐suspension as well as slightly higher detrital sediment input. In contrast, rapid warming and environmental changes during the YD/PB transition occurred simultaneously. However, initial changes such as declining diatom deposition and detrital input occurred already a few centuries before the rapid warming at the YD/PB transition. These environmental changes likely reflect a gradual increase in summer air temperatures already during the YD. Our data indicate complex and differing environmental responses to the major climate changes related to the YD, which involve different proxy sensitivities and threshold processes.

中文翻译：

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关于湖泊对快速气候变化的反应的新见解：波兰中部戈希奇扬湖的年轻树妖

波兰中部的戈希恰恩湖（LakeGościąż）的沉积物剖面包括一个连续的，经季节性分解且保存得特别好的Younger Dryas（YD）气候变化档案。这为详细调查快速气候降温（YD发作）和变暖（YD终止）期间的湖泊系统响应提供了独特的机会。此处介绍的新的Gošciąż湖的记录记录是从阿勒末（AL）到早普雷瓦尔地区（PB）为止的1662年。显微瓣膜计数提供了独立的时间顺序，YD持续时间为1149 + 14 / –22年，这证实了以前的结果为1140±40年。我们将稳定的氧同位素和基于Chironomid的空气温度重建与各种地球化学和静脉微相代理的响应联系起来，尤其关注YD的发生和终止。YD开始的冷却持续了约180年，比约70年内完成的最终变暖要长大约一个世纪。在AL / YD过渡期间，环境代用资料滞后了约90年的降温时间，揭示了湖泊生产力和内部湖泊重新悬浮的增加以及碎屑沉积物的输入略有增加。相反，YD / PB转换过程中同时发生了快速变暖和环境变化。然而，在YD / PB转变迅速变暖之前的几个世纪，硅藻沉积和碎屑输入减少等初始变化就已经发生。这些环境变化可能反映了YD期间夏季气温已经逐渐升高。我们的数据表明，对与YD相关的主要气候变化的环境响应复杂且有所不同，