Abstract Small pelagic fish (SPF) play extremely important ecological roles in marine ecosystems, form some of the most economically valuable fisheries resources, and play a vital role in global food security. Due to their short generation times and tight coupling to lower trophic levels, populations of SPF display large boom-and-bust dynamics that are closely linked to climate variability. To reveal emerging global research trends on SPF as opposed to more recently published, ecosystem-specific reviews of SPF, we reviewed the literature published in two, 6-year periods in the new millennium (2001–2006, and 2011–2016) straddling the publication of a large, global review of the dynamics of SPF in 2009. We explored intrinsic and extrinsic (bottom-up) factors influencing the dynamics of SPF such as anchovies, sardines, herrings and sprats within the sub-order Clupeidae. Published research efforts within 16 different biogeographic ocean regions were compiled (more than 900 studies) and compared to identify i) new milestones and advances in our understanding, ii) emerging research trends and iii) remaining gaps in knowledge. Studies were separated into 5 categories (field, laboratory, mesocosms, long-term statistical analyses and spatially-explicit modelling) and discussed in relation to 10 bottom-up categories including 5 abiotic factors (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, density), 3 physical processes (advection, turbulence, turbidity) and 2 biotic factors (prey quantity and quality). The peer-reviewed literature reflects changes in the number of studies between the two time periods including increases (Mediterranean Sea, Humboldt Current) and decreases (Australia, Benguela Current). Our review highlights i) gaps in ecological knowledge on young juveniles and, in general, on the impacts of hypoxia and heatwaves on SPF, ii) the utility of paleo studies in exploring population drivers, iii) the continued need to develop spatially-explicit, full life-cycle models, iv) the importance of exploring how density-dependent processes impact vital rates (growth, survival, reproduction), and v) the benefits of international collaboration for knowledge transfer and building unifying hypotheses on the role of bottom-up factors and processes that regulate SPF populations.

中文翻译：

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新千年的中上层小鱼：全球研究工作的自下而上的观点

摘要 小型中上层鱼类（SPF）在海洋生态系统中发挥着极其重要的生态作用，形成了一些最具经济价值的渔业资源，在全球粮食安全中发挥着至关重要的作用。由于它们的世代时间短且与较低的营养水平紧密耦合，SPF 种群表现出与气候变异密切相关的巨大繁荣与萧条动态。为了揭示 SPF 的新兴全球研究趋势，而不是最近发表的针对 SPF 的生态系统特定评论，我们回顾了跨世纪（2001-2006 和 2011-2016）两个 6 年期间发表的文献。 2009 年发表了一篇关于 SPF 动态的大型全球评论。我们探讨了影响 SPF 动态的内在和外在（自下而上）因素，如凤尾鱼、沙丁鱼、鲱科鲱鱼和鲱鱼。对 16 个不同生物地理海洋区域内已发表的研究工作进行了汇编（超过 900 项研究）并进行比较，以确定 i) 新的里程碑和我们理解方面的进展，ii) 新兴的研究趋势和 iii) 仍然存在的知识差距。研究分为 5 个类别（野外、实验室、中观、长期统计分析和空间显式建模），并针对 10 个自下而上的类别进行了讨论，包括 5 个非生物因素（温度、盐度、pH、溶解氧、密度） , 3 个物理过程（平流、湍流、浊度）和 2 个生物因素（猎物数量和质量）。同行评审的文献反映了两个时期之间研究数量的变化，包括增加（地中海，洪堡海流）并减少（澳大利亚，本格拉海流）。我们的评论强调了 i) 幼鱼生态知识的差距，以及一般而言，缺氧和热浪对 SPF 的影响，ii) 古研究在探索种群驱动因素方面的效用，iii) 继续需要发展空间明确的，全生命周期模型，iv) 探索依赖密度的过程如何影响生命率（生长、存活、繁殖）的重要性，以及 v) 国际合作促进知识转移的好处和建立关于自下而上作用的统一假设调节 SPF 种群的因素和过程。