State of mind can influence susceptibility and progression of diseases and disorders not only in peripheral organs, but also in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the underlying mechanism how state of mind can affect susceptibility to various illnesses in the CNS is not fully understood. Among a number of candidates responsible for stress-induced neuroimmunomodulation, noradrenaline has recently been shown to play crucial roles in the major immune cells of the brain, microglia. In particular, recent studies have demonstrated that noradrenaline may be a key neurotransmitter in modulating microglial cells, thereby determining different cell conditions and responses ranging from resting to activation state depending on host stress level or whether the host is awake or asleep. For instance, microglia under resting conditions may have constructive roles in surveillance, such as debris clearance, synaptic monitoring, pruning, and remodeling. In contrast, once activated, microglia may become less efficient in surveillance activities, and instead implicated in detrimental roles such as cytokine or superoxide release. It is also likely that glial activation, both astrocytes and microglia, are negatively associated with the clearance of brain waste via the glymphatic system. In this review, we discuss the possible underlying mechanism as well as the roles of stress-induced microglial activation.

精神状态不仅可以影响外周器官，而且可以影响中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的疾病和障碍的易感性和进展。然而，心理状态如何影响对中枢神经系统各种疾病的易感性的潜在机制尚不完全清楚。在许多负责压力诱导的神经免疫调节的候选者中，去甲肾上腺素最近被证明在大脑的主要免疫细胞小胶质细胞中起着至关重要的作用。特别是，最近的研究表明，去甲肾上腺素可能是调节小胶质细胞的关键神经递质，从而根据宿主压力水平或宿主是清醒还是睡眠来确定不同的细胞状况和反应，从静止状态到激活状态。例如，静息条件下的小胶质细胞可能在监测中发挥建设性作用，例如碎片清除、突触监测、修剪和重塑。相比之下，一旦被激活，小胶质细胞在监视活动中的效率可能会降低，而是涉及细胞因子或超氧化物释放等有害作用。星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的神经胶质激活也可能与通过淋巴系统清除脑废物呈负相关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了可能的潜在机制以及压力诱导的小胶质细胞激活的作用。而是涉及有害作用，例如细胞因子或超氧化物释放。星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的神经胶质激活也可能与通过淋巴系统清除脑废物呈负相关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了可能的潜在机制以及压力诱导的小胶质细胞激活的作用。而是涉及有害作用，例如细胞因子或超氧化物释放。星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的神经胶质激活也可能与通过淋巴系统清除脑废物呈负相关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了可能的潜在机制以及压力诱导的小胶质细胞激活的作用。