The functional genes underlying phenotypic variation and their interactions represent “genetic mysteries”. Understanding and utilizing these genetic mysteries are key solutions for mitigating the current threats to agriculture posed by population growth and individual food preferences. Due to advances in high-throughput multi-omics technologies, we are stepping into an Interactome Big Data era that is certain to revolutionize genetic research. In this article, we provide a brief overview of current strategies to explore genetic mysteries. We then introduce the methods for constructing and analyzing the Interactome Big Data and summarize currently available interactome resources. Next, we discuss how Interactome Big Data can be used as a versatile tool to dissect genetic mysteries. We propose an integrated strategy that could revolutionize genetic research by combining Interactome Big Data with machine learning, which involves mining information hidden in Big Data to identify the genetic models or networks that control various traits, and also provide a detailed procedure for systematic dissection of genetic mysteries,. Finally, we discuss three promising future breeding strategies utilizing the Interactome Big Data to improve crop yields and quality.

表型变异的潜在功能基因及其相互作用代表了“遗传之谜”。理解和利用这些遗传奥秘是缓解人口增长和个人食物偏好对农业造成的当前威胁的关键解决方案。由于高通量多组学技术的进步，我们正在步入Interactome大数据时代，这一时代必将彻底改变基因研究。在本文中，我们简要概述了探索遗传奥秘的当前策略。然后，我们介绍了构建和分析Interactome大数据的方法，并总结了当前可用的interactome资源。接下来，我们讨论如何将Interactome大数据用作分析遗传奥秘的通用工具。我们提出了一种整合策略，该方法可以通过将Interactome大数据与机器学习相结合来彻底改变遗传研究，其中涉及挖掘隐藏在大数据中的信息，以识别控制各种特征的遗传模型或网络，并提供系统的遗传解剖方法之谜。最后，我们讨论了利用Interactome大数据提高作物产量和质量的三种有前途的未来育种策略。