This work explores the modelling of soft tissues, particularly the Achilles tendon, using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF).The anisotropic Gasser–Ogden–Holzapfel (GOH) potential energy function provided the necessary anisotropic elastic feature descriptions. A generalized one-dimensional Maxwell model described the viscoelastic effects. Finally, a parameter-based damage model characterized the effects of repetitive loading. We used an objectivity test to establish multibody system dynamics usability. The test ascertains whether or not the developed elements can adequately describe rigid body motion and therefore be applied to describe large deformation in whole bodies. Comparing our results against high-fidelity ANSYS 3D FEA solutions served as verification. To further ensure the validity of the obtained solutions, our results were also compared against test results. For modelling material behaviour, the developed ANCF elements demonstrated substantial fidelity, and simulation results agreed well with test results and results found in the literature.

这项工作使用绝对节点坐标公式（ANCF）探索了软组织特别是跟腱的建模。各向异性的Gasser–Ogden–Holzapfel（GOH）势能函数提供了必要的各向异性弹性特征描述。广义一维麦克斯韦模型描述了粘弹性效应。最后，基于参数的损伤模型表征了重复载荷的影响。我们使用客观性测试来建立多体系统动力学可用性。该测试确定了展开的元素是否可以充分描述刚体的运动，因此可以用来描述整个体内的大变形。将我们的结果与高保真度的ANSYS 3D FEA解决方案进行比较，以此作为验证。为了进一步确保所获得解决方案的有效性，我们的结果也与测试结果进行了比较。对于建模材料行为，已开发的ANCF元素表现出很高的保真度，并且仿真结果与测试结果和文献中的结果吻合良好。