Abstract—Trace amines are similar in structure to catecholamines and serotonin of the central nervous system but are present at much lower concentrations. Trace amines such as tyramine, tryptamine, octopamine, and β-phenylethylamine, bind to highly specific receptors that have low affinity for catecholamines and serotonin. Several types of trace amine receptors have been identified. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 is localized in the prefrontal cortex and limbic structures. Localization of the other types of receptors is different. In particular, trace amine-associated receptor 5 is localized in the olfactory epithelium and structures of the olfactory brain. By interaction with dopaminergic and other neurotransmitter systems of the CNS, trace amines are involved in the regulation of many behavioral forms. In simplistic terms, we can talk about the functional antagonism of trace amines and the dopaminergic system. Trace amines are considered as promising antipsychotics, which is evidenced by the results of studies in animal models of schizophrenia.

摘要-痕量胺的结构类似于中枢神经系统的儿茶酚胺和5-羟色胺，但含量低得多。微量胺，例如酪胺，色胺，章鱼胺和β-苯乙胺，与对儿茶酚胺和5-羟色胺的亲和力低的高特异性受体结合。已经鉴定出几种类型的痕量胺受体。痕量胺相关受体1位于前额叶皮层和边缘结构中。其他类型受体的定位不同。特别地，痕量胺相关受体5位于嗅觉上皮和嗅觉脑的结构中。通过与中枢神经系统的多巴胺能和其他神经递质系统相互作用，痕量胺参与了许多行为形式的调节。简单来说，我们可以谈谈微量胺和多巴胺能系统的功能拮抗作用。痕量胺被认为是有前途的抗精神病药，精神分裂症动物模型的研究结果证明了这一点。