Abstract

Purpose

To increase the size of the flowers for easy plucking, flower yield, pyrethrins content (%), and elite mutant selection in pyrethrum.

Materials and methods

To increase pyrethrum production and acclimatize in north Indian plain condition, a genetic improvement program was undertaken to widen the range of variations for size and yield of flowers and pyrethrins content (%) in pyrethrum crop. Pyrethrum seeds of the variety Avadh were irradiated with gamma rays at 20 to 300 Gy doses in Gamma chamber 5000 (cobalt-60 research irradiator).

Results

Observations gathered visually in M₁ based on vigor, synchronization of flowering, and flower’s size. Out of 90 M₂ families, 20 mutants were raised in M₃ along with the check-in preliminary evaluation trial. The four promising mutants, 1 (20 Gy-3), 7 (40 Gy-5), 10 (40 Gy-8), 14 (60 Gy19-10) was grown for four years in a bench-scale trial (randomized block design, replicated thrice) to test the yield performance and selection of high yielding elite mutant (s). It has been found that pyrethrum is sensitive to gamma rays irradiation and produced a high range of qualitative and quantitative variations. After massive screening over four years, two promising mutants for high dry flower yield and pyrethrins content, namely 7 (40 Gy-5), and 10 (40GY-8) were isolated.

Conclusions

The mutagenesis changed traits mean in positive or negative directions. Pyrethrum plant is highly sensitive to gamma irradiation and produced a high range of variability in the qualitative and quantitative traits. The mutagenesis changed the mean of traits in both positive and negative directions. Due to mutagenic efficacy, two mutants 7 (40 Gy-5), and 10 (40GY-8) were expressed high performance for pyrethrin percent i.e., 87.23 and 59.78% improvement over the check variety ‘Avadh’, with synchronous flowering. These two mutants are in the pipeline for release as a variety for cultivation in the North Indian plains.

中文翻译：

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通过伽马辐射遗传改良除虫菊 (T​​anacetum cinerariifolium Sch. Bip.) 并通过七代辐射后选择高产稳定突变体

摘要

目的

增加花的大小以便于采摘、花产量、除虫菊酯含量 (%) 和除虫菊中的精英突变体选择。

材料和方法

为了增加除虫菊产量并适应北印度平原条件，进行了一项遗传改良计划，以扩大除虫菊作物中花的大小和产量以及除虫菊酯含量 (%) 的变化范围。在 Gamma 室 5000（钴 60 研究辐照器）中用 20 至 300 Gy 剂量的伽马射线辐照 Avadh 品种的除虫菊种子。

结果

根据活力、开花的同步性和花的大小，在 M _{1 中}直观地收集了观察结果。在90个M ₂家庭中，随着登记初步评估试验在M ₃中培育了20个突变体。四个有希望的突变体，1 (20 Gy-3)、7 (40 Gy-5)、10 (40 Gy-8)、14 (60 Gy-10) 在实验室规模试验中生长了四年（随机区组）设计，重复三次）以测试高产精英突变体的产量性能和选择。已发现除虫菊对伽马射线辐射敏感并产生大范围的定性和定量变化。经过四年多的大规模筛选，分离出两个具有高干花产量和除虫菊酯含量的有前途的突变体，即 7 (40 Gy-5) 和 10 (40GY-8)。

结论

诱变改变性状意味着正向或负向。除虫菊植物对伽马辐射高度敏感，并且在定性和数量性状方面产生了很大的变异性。突变改变了性状的正负均值。由于诱变功效，两个突变体 7 (40 Gy-5) 和 10 (40GY-8) 在除虫菊酯百分比方面表现出高性能，即比对照品种“Avadh”提高 87.23% 和 59.78%，同时开花。这两个突变体正在准备作为在北印度平原种植的品种发布。