The kinetics of early cleavage stages can affect embryo quality. The bovine model of early‐ and late‐cleaved embryos has been described in the literature and is deemed a useful tool in the field of oocyte developmental competence studies. The expression of genes demonstrating developmental potential differs between early‐ and late‐cleaved embryos. Previously, we demonstrated that prostaglandin F_2α synthase (PGFS) and prostaglandin F_2α receptor (PTGFR) expression depend on the developmental stage and embryo quality. In the present study, we used the same model to determine the mRNA expression profile of developmentally important genes (IGF1R, IGF2R, PLAC8, OCT4, SOX2) in early, expanded and hatched blastocysts obtained from the early‐ and late‐cleaved group of embryos, as well as to correlate the transcription levels of these embryonic gene markers with the transcription levels of PGFS and PTGFR. The mRNA expression of PGFS, PTGFR and factors described as gene markers of embryonic implantation ability and developmental competence genes was determined by real‐time PCR. The obtained results were analysed using statistical software GraphPad prism 6.05. During the course of our analyses, we observed that the transcript abundance of most analysed genes tends to be higher in the late—rather than in the early cleaved group of embryos, as well as in B and/or C grade embryos rather than in A grade embryos. On the other hand, for the early cleaved group of blastocysts with cavity, we detected higher PLAC8 mRNA expression for grade A embryos compared with grade C embryos. It suggests that the mRNA expression level of genes depends on the quality of embryos but differs according to various factors including the method of production or culture method. Moreover, numerous correlations between analysed gene markers and PGF_2α synthase and PGF_2α receptor suggest that PGF_2α plays a role in the crucial steps of bovine embryo development.

中文翻译：

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发育能力基因标记的表达谱与早期和晚期胚胎植入前牛胚胎中前列腺素 F2α 合成和作用的比较

早期卵裂阶段的动力学会影响胚胎质量。早裂和晚裂胚胎的牛模型已在文献中有所描述，被认为是卵母细胞发育能力研究领域的有用工具。显示发育潜力的基因表达在早期和晚期分裂胚胎之间有所不同。以前，我们证明了前列腺素 F _2α合酶 (PGFS) 和前列腺素 F _2α受体 (PTGFR) 表达取决于发育阶段和胚胎质量。在本研究中，我们使用相同的模型来确定从早期和晚期分裂胚胎组获得的早期、扩大和孵化的囊胚中发育重要基因（IGF1R、IGF2R、PLAC8、OCT4、SOX2）的 mRNA 表达谱，以及将这些胚胎基因标记的转录水平与 PGFS 和 PTGFR 的转录水平相关联。通过实时PCR测定PGFS、PTGFR和被描述为胚胎着床能力和发育能力基因的基因标记的因子的mRNA表达。使用统计软件得到的结果进行分析的GraphPad 棱镜6.05. 在我们的分析过程中，我们观察到大多数分析基因的转录丰度往往在晚期 - 而不是早期分裂的胚胎组中更高，以及在 B 和/或 C 级胚胎中而不是在 A级胚胎。另一方面，对于早期分裂的有腔囊胚组，我们检测到 A 级胚胎的 PLAC8 mRNA 表达高于 C 级胚胎。这表明基因的mRNA表达水平取决于胚胎的质量，但根据包括生产方法或培养方法在内的各种因素而有所不同。此外，分析的基因标记物与 PGF _2α合酶和 PGF _2α受体之间的许多相关性表明 PGF _2α 在牛胚胎发育的关键步骤中发挥作用。