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Spectral range within global aCDOM(440) algorithms for oceanic, coastal, and inland waters with application to airborne measurements
Remote Sensing of Environment ( IF 13.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2020.112155
Henry F. Houskeeper , Stanford B. Hooker , Raphael M. Kudela

Abstract The optically active component of dissolved organic material in aquatic ecosystems, or colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), is represented by the coefficient of absorption due to the dissolved aquatic constituents at 440 nm, aCDOM(440). Remote sensing of aCDOM(440) enables characterization of ecosystem processes and aids in retrieval of chlorophyll a, a proxy for phytoplankton biomass. Spectrally adjacent band-ratio domains, e.g., blue to green, have previously been applied for remote sensing of aCDOM(440) in coastal and oceanic waters with similar results compared to more complex semi-analytical algorithms. Estimation of aCDOM(440) from ratios of the most spectrally separated ocean color wavebands (end members), e.g., ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR), termed end-member analysis (EMA), has previously been shown to increase the accuracy of global aCDOM(440) retrievals from in-water observations of diffuse attenuation and to enable a unified algorithmic perspective without requiring regional adjustment of internal bio-optical parameters. EMA of above-water observations is evaluated herein, with a focus on coastal and inland waters in which increasing optical complexity and likelihood of bottom reflectance challenge the oceanic algorithms developed for deep and optically simple (case-1) waters. Analysis herein of three independent, in situ, bio-optical datasets indicates significant correlation between aCDOM(440) and end-member band ratios (next-generation 320 and 780 nm or legacy 412 and 670 nm ratios) with a coefficient of determination, R2, of 0.87 (log-scale) or higher based on a dataset spanning the dynamic range of global, conservative water bodies. For applicable wavelengths, EMA algorithms are shown to agree with case-1 relationships and to produce consistent log-scale uncertainties across more than three orders of magnitude in aCDOM(440) values (0.001–2.305 m−1). EMA using UV and NIR wavelengths (320 and 780 nm) is applied to low-altitude airborne observations and satisfies 25% uncertainty based on unbiased percent differences (UPDs) within each of three dissimilar match-up sites ranging in aCDOM(440) from 0.02–0.57 m−1. Results demonstrate that EMA is a useful and robust approach for the remote sensing of aCDOM(440) in coastal and inland waters, which are generally shallower, contain more optically complex environments, and span a greater range in aCDOM(440) than oceanic waters.

中文翻译:

用于海洋、沿海和内陆水域的全球 aCDOM(440) 算法中的光谱范围,适用于机载测量

摘要 水生生态系统中溶解有机物质的光学活性成分,或有色溶解有机物质 (CDOM),由溶解水生成分在 440 nm 处的吸收系数 aCDOM(440) 表示。aCDOM(440) 的遥感能够表征生态系统过程并有助于提取叶绿素 a,叶绿素 a 是浮游植物生物量的代表。与更复杂的半解析算法相比,光谱相邻的带比域(例如,蓝色到绿色)先前已应用于沿海和海洋水域中 aCDOM(440) 的遥感,其结果相似。根据光谱分离程度最大的海洋颜色波段(端成员)的比率估计 aCDOM(440),例如紫外线(UV)到近红外(NIR),称为端成员分析(EMA),先前已被证明可以提高从水下漫反射观测中检索全局 aCDOM(440) 的准确性,并实现统一的算法视角,而无需对内部生物光学参数进行区域调整。此处评估了水上观测的 EMA,重点是沿海和内陆水域,其中日益增加的光学复杂性和底部反射率的可能性对为深水和光学简单(案例 1)水域开发的海洋算法提出了挑战。本文对三个独立的原位生物光学数据集的分析表明,aCDOM(440) 和端元带比(下一代 320 和 780 nm 或传统 412 和 670 nm 比)与决定系数 R2 之间存在显着相关性,基于跨越全局动态范围的数据集,为 0.87(对数尺度)或更高,保守的水体。对于适用的波长,EMA 算法显示与案例 1 的关系一致,并在 aCDOM(440) 值 (0.001–2.305 m-1) 中产生超过三个数量级的一致对数尺度不确定性。使用 UV 和 NIR 波长(320 和 780 nm)的 EMA 应用于低空机载观测,并满足 25% 的不确定性,这是基于三个不同的匹配站点中的每一个的无偏百分比差异 (UPD),范围在 aCDOM(440) 到 0.02 –0.57 m-1。结果表明,对于沿海和内陆水域中的 aCDOM(440) 进行遥感,EMA 是一种有用且可靠的方法,这些水域通常较浅,包含更多光学复杂的环境,并且在 aCDOM(440) 中的范围比海洋水域更大。EMA 算法显示与案例 1 的关系一致,并在 aCDOM(440) 值 (0.001–2.305 m-1) 中产生超过三个数量级的一致对数尺度不确定性。使用 UV 和 NIR 波长(320 和 780 nm)的 EMA 应用于低空机载观测,并满足 25% 的不确定性,这是基于三个不同的匹配站点中的每一个的无偏百分比差异 (UPD),范围在 aCDOM(440) 到 0.02 –0.57 m-1。结果表明,对于沿海和内陆水域中的 aCDOM(440) 进行遥感,EMA 是一种有用且可靠的方法,这些水域通常较浅,包含更多光学复杂的环境,并且在 aCDOM(440) 中的范围比海洋水域更大。EMA 算法显示与案例 1 的关系一致,并在 aCDOM(440) 值 (0.001–2.305 m-1) 中产生超过三个数量级的一致对数尺度不确定性。使用 UV 和 NIR 波长(320 和 780 nm)的 EMA 应用于低空机载观测,并满足 25% 的不确定性,这是基于三个不同的匹配站点中的每一个的无偏百分比差异 (UPD),范围在 aCDOM(440) 到 0.02 –0.57 m-1。结果表明,对于沿海和内陆水域中的 aCDOM(440) 进行遥感,EMA 是一种有用且可靠的方法,这些水域通常较浅,包含更多光学复杂的环境,并且在 aCDOM(440) 中的范围比海洋水域更大。
更新日期:2021-02-01
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