Abstract An extinct thermophile European water buffalo Bubalus murrensis was recorded in the interglacials of the Middle and Late Pleistocene in Central and Western Europe. The species was unknown after the Eemian Interglacial (c. 123 ka) there and have never been found in Eastern Europe. Here we report on an unexpected record of this exotic species in the center of East European Plain near the Kolomna town (Moscow Region) more than 110 millennia later, in the Bolling – Allerod warming of the Last glacial. The unique paleontological discovery of the last European water buffalo in the center of Eastern Europe occupied mainly by a cold adapted so-called ‘Mammoth fauna’ allow us to discuss this unusual occurrence in paleoenvironmental context and suggest the model of dispersal and final extinction of the species. Based on recent integrated studies, we show that the species could persist in the Ponto-Caspian region and then spread northwards during the last Late Pleistocene warming. Main factors of its extinction could be the rapid global climatic changes and strong regional paleoenvironmental instability as well as increasing activity of Upper Paleolithic hunters. The discovery is important in the context of the late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions and a recent phenomenon of global warming.

中文翻译：

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欧洲末次冰期灭绝水牛Bubalus murrensis ( ) 的意外记录及其对该物种的传播模式的影响

摘要 一头已灭绝的嗜热欧洲水牛Bubalus murrensis在中欧和西欧中、晚更新世间冰期被记录。该物种在那里的伊米亚间冰期（约 123 ka）之后未知，并且从未在东欧发现过。在这里，我们报告了 110 多万年后，在最后一次冰川的 Bolling-Allerod 变暖中，这种外来物种在科洛姆纳镇（莫斯科地区）附近的东欧平原中心的意外记录。东欧中部最后一头欧洲水牛的独特古生物学发现，主要由适应寒冷的所谓“猛犸象群”占据，使我们能够在古环境背景下讨论这种不寻常的现象，并提出了散布和最终灭绝的模型。物种。根据最近的综合研究，我们表明，该物种可以在 Ponto-Caspian 地区持续存在，然后在最后一次晚更新世变暖期间向北扩散。其灭绝的主要因素可能是快速的全球气候变化和强烈的区域古环境不稳定性以及旧石器时代晚期猎人活动的增加。在第四纪晚期巨型动物灭绝和最近的全球变暖现象的背景下，这一发现很重要。