Sperm motility is one of the most important indicators to evaluate poultry fertility. In order to explore key molecular regulation roles related to sperm motility, we employed testicular RNA sequencing of pigeon. A total of 705 known and 385 novel microRNAs were identified. Compared with the low sperm motility group, four upregulated and two downregulated miRNAs in the high sperm motility group were identified. A total of 3567 target mRNAs were predicted and four target mRNAs were selected to validate by qPCR. The miRNA-mRNA interaction network analysis, indicated that mmu-miR-183-5p /FOXO1 and PC-3p-244994_31/CHDH pairs might affect sperm motility. GO and KEGG annotation analysis showed that target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were related to serine/threonine kinase activity, ATP binding, Wnt and MAPK signaling pathway. The study provided a global miRNAs transcriptome of pigeon and a novel insight into the expression of the miRNAs in testes that associated with sperm motility.

精子活力是评价家禽生育能力的最重要指标之一。为了探索与精子活力相关的关键分子调控作用，我们采用了鸽子的睾丸 RNA 测序。共鉴定了 705 个已知的和 385 个新的 microRNA。与低精子活力组相比，在高精子活力组中鉴定出4个上调和2个下调的miRNA。共预测了 3567 个靶 mRNA，并选择了 4 个靶 mRNA 进行 qPCR 验证。miRNA-mRNA相互作用网络分析表明，mmu-miR-183-5p/FOXO1和PC-3p-244994_31/CHDH对可能影响精子活力。GO和KEGG注释分析表明，差异表达miRNA的靶基因与丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶活性、ATP结合、Wnt和MAPK信号通路有关。