Abstract The loads on primary support and secondary lining in composite lining tunnel are one of the key problems in support design. The primary support and secondary lining which as the main bearing structure determines the long-term operation safety of tunnels. In this study, three kinds of tunnel support conditions are established and the rheological model, stress releasing coefficient and additional radial body force of bolts are considered. Also, the analytical formulas of displacement on the primary support and secondary lining are derived. According to the relationship between displacement difference and support stiffness, the support loads are obtained. The calculated displacements and loads of the support structure are basically consistent with the field measurement, which verifies the reliability of the theoretical method. In addition, the influences of support parameters on the support load and bearing ratio are studied. Finally, the variation of the time-history curves of the measured support loads are discussed. The results show that the installation time of primary support, installation time of secondary lining, bolt length, thickness of the secondary lining, cohesion and rheology all may influence the support load. Meanwhile, the thickness of the secondary lining and the installation time of secondary lining have greater impact to the load bearing ratio. The combination of the weak rock mass, the early installation of the secondary lining, and the insufficient thickness of the secondary lining will make the load ratio of the secondary lining significantly higher. The stress paths of support loads are different depending on whether the support structure is in tension or in compression.

中文翻译：

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流变岩体深埋复合衬砌隧道支护荷载分析

摘要 复合衬砌隧道一次支护和二次衬砌的荷载是支护设计的关键问题之一。作为主要承载结构的一次支护和二次衬砌决定了隧道的长期运营安全。本研究建立了三种隧道支护工况，并考虑了锚杆的流变模型、应力释放系数和附加径向体力。推导出了一次支护和二次衬砌位移的解析公式。根据位移差与支座刚度的关系，得到支座荷载。计算得到的支撑结构位移和载荷与现场实测基本一致，验证了理论方法的可靠性。此外，研究了支座参数对支座载荷和承载比的影响。最后，讨论了实测支撑载荷的时程曲线的变化。结果表明，一次支护安装时间、二次衬砌安装时间、螺栓长度、二次衬砌厚度、内聚力和流变学均会影响支护荷载。同时，二次衬砌的厚度和二次衬砌的安装时间对承载比影响较大。岩体薄弱、二次衬砌安装较早、二次衬砌厚度不足等因素的结合，会使二次衬砌的荷载比明显偏高。