Epilepsy is characterized as recurrent seizures, and it is one of the most prevalent disorders of the human nervous system. A large and diverse profile of different syndromes and conditions can cause perturbations in neural networks that are associated with epilepsy. Advances in neuroimaging and electrophysiological monitoring have enhanced our ability to localize the neuropathological lesions that alter the neural networks giving rise to epilepsy, whereas advances in surgical management have resulted in excellent seizure control in many patients following resections. Histopathologic study using a variety of special stains, molecular analysis, and functional studies of these resected tissues has facilitated the neuropathological characterization of these lesions. Here, we review the neuropathology of common structural lesions that cause epilepsy and are amenable to neurosurgical resection, such as hippocampal sclerosis, focal cortical dysplasia, and its associated principal lesions, including long-term epilepsy-associated tumors, as well as other malformations of cortical development and Rasmussen encephalitis.

中文翻译：

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手术治疗癫痫标本的神经病理学

癫痫的特点是反复发作，是人类神经系统最常见的疾病之一。大量多样的不同综合征和病症可能导致与癫痫相关的神经网络的扰动。神经影像学和电生理监测的进步增强了我们定位改变神经网络导致癫痫的神经病理学病变的能力，而手术管理的进步使许多患者在切除术后获得了良好的癫痫控制。使用各种特殊染色、分子分析和这些切除组织的功能研究的组织病理学研究促进了这些病变的神经病理学特征。这里，