Abstract

Purpose

The sequelae of premature loss of ovarian function can undoubtedly have undesirable effects for a woman although radiotherapy is one of the most relevant treatment modalities for various types of malignancies. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different doses of radiation on ovarian folliculogenesis, inflammation, and apoptotic markers.

Materials and methods

For this purpose, 40 healthy Wistar albino female rats divided into four groups: 1) Control group; 2) those that were exposed to total body 1 Gy of gamma rays; 3) those that were exposed to the total body 5 Gy of gamma rays, and 4) those that were exposed to total body 10 Gy of gamma rays. External irradiation to the total body was given with gamma irradiation delivered by the Co60 teletherapy machine. The day after radiation application the rats were sacrificed and the ovaries were removed in all groups. Histopathologic examination, follicle counting, and classification were performed in the ovarian tissues. The expression of AMH, TNF-α, IL1-β, Bax, and Bcl-2 was detected. The stained sections were examined for caspase 3 positive apoptotic cell numbers.

Results

The recorded results revealed that increased radiation dose induced obvious ovarian injuries that were indicated by histopathological, and immunohistochemical alterations, including elevation of ovarian injury markers. A significantly lower number of total and primordial follicles was detected with increasing radiation dose compared with the control group. According to our immunohistochemical results, 10 Gy of gamma rays group had the lowest AMH expression levels, while had the highest TNF-α, IL1-β expression level compared to the control group. When the groups were evaluated in terms of apoptosis, it was seen that the number of caspase 3 positive cells and Bax immunoreactivity intensity increased with radiation dose. In contrast, Bcl-2 immunoreactivity intensity decreased with increasing radiation dose compared with the control group.

Conclusions

We demonstrate here that dose rate plays an important role when estimating the relation between exposure to an increased dose of ionizing radiation and the risk of ovarian disease. According to these results, certain factors have to be optimized before introducing them into clinics.

中文翻译：

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不同剂量放疗对大鼠卵巢环境的损害

摘要

目的

尽管放疗是各种恶性肿瘤最相关的治疗方式之一，但卵巢功能过早丧失的后遗症无疑会对女性产生不良影响。本研究的目的是确定不同剂量的辐射对卵巢卵泡发生、炎症和凋亡标志物的影响。

材料和方法

为此，40 只健康的 Wistar 白化雌性大鼠分为四组： 1) 对照组；2) 暴露于全身 1 Gy 伽马射线的人；3) 全身暴露于 5 Gy 伽马射线的那些，以及 4) 那些暴露于全身 10 Gy 伽马射线的那些。通过 Co60 远程治疗机提供的伽马射线对全身进行外部照射。辐射应用后的第二天，处死大鼠并切除所有组的卵巢。在卵巢组织中进行组织病理学检查、卵泡计数和分类。检测AMH、TNF-α、IL1-β、Bax和Bcl-2的表达。检查染色切片的半胱天冬酶 3 阳性凋亡细胞数。

结果

记录的结果显示，增加的辐射剂量会引起明显的卵巢损伤，这些损伤由组织病理学和免疫组织化学改变表明，包括卵巢损伤标志物的升高。与对照组相比，随着辐射剂量的增加，检测到的总卵泡和原始卵泡数量明显减少。根据我们的免疫组化结果，与对照组相比，10 Gy 伽马射线组的 AMH 表达水平最低，而 TNF-α、IL1-β 的表达水平最高。当评估各组细胞凋亡时，发现caspase 3阳性细胞数和Bax免疫反应强度随辐射剂量增加而增加。相比之下，与对照组相比，Bcl-2 免疫反应强度随着辐射剂量的增加而降低。

结论

我们在这里证明，在估计暴露于增加的电离辐射剂量与卵巢疾病风险之间的关系时，剂量率起着重要作用。根据这些结果，在将某些因素引入临床之前必须对其进行优化。