ABSTRACT The electrodeposition of composite coatings containing included particles in a metal matrix dates back, at least, to the 1920s. The process involves both electroplating of metal and electrophoretic coating of particles but can often be carried out in modified electroplating tanks. It is not always appreciated that a stable suspension of particles of suitable surface charge in the bath, the electrode geometry and electrolyte flow conditions are critical and integrated aspects of the overall process. Particles having different shape, size distribution and wettability can be involved. The resulting composite deposit can be tailored to have important mechanical, chemical, physical and electronic properties, leading to increasingly diverse applications in tribology, aerospace, corrosion resistance and speciality electronics. Modern uses include coatings for industrial electrochemical technology, supercapacitors, fuel cells and batteries. Interactions among bath composition, operational conditions and deposit properties are reviewed. Advances and limitations in models describing composite electrodeposition are summarised. Challenges to continued advances in this field, from a fundamental and technological viewpoint, necessitate further R & D effort.

中文翻译：

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改进金属颗粒复合涂层的电镀

摘要 在金属基体中含有颗粒的复合涂层的电沉积至少可以追溯到 1920 年代。该过程涉及金属电镀和粒子电泳涂层，但通常可以在改进的电镀槽中进行。人们并不总是意识到槽中合适表面电荷的颗粒的稳定悬浮、电极几何形状和电解液流动条件是整个过程的关键和综合方面。可以涉及具有不同形状、尺寸分布和润湿性的颗粒。由此产生的复合沉积物可以定制为具有重要的机械、化学、物理和电子特性，从而导致在摩擦学、航空航天、耐腐蚀性和特种电子领域的应用越来越多样化。现代用途包括工业电化学技术、超级电容器、燃料电池和电池的涂层。对浴液成分、操作条件和沉积物特性之间的相互作用进行了审查。总结了描述复合电沉积模型的进展和局限性。从基础和技术的角度来看，该领域持续进步的挑战需要进一步的研发努力。