Abstract

For the constantly evolving alkali-activated materials (AAMs), expanding and optimising the raw materials base in accordance with increasing ecological and technical requirements is one of the determining factors for a promising future. Because of developments in inorganic material chemistry, the range of potentially suitable aluminosilicates has changed and expanded continuously throughout the history of AAMs. Recently, new efforts have been undertaken to find more types of adequate alternative aluminosilicate sources and alkali activators, in addition to conventional granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), fly ash (FA), and metakaolin (MK). This search has led to extensive studies, which have substantially increased understanding of the suitability of various natural sources and wastes for the production of alkali-activated cements (AACs). Recent advances in the design and research of AACs based on several groups of aluminosilicates (non-ferrous slags, ash-form wastes, waste glasses, mining and ceramic wastes, natural rocks, and natural pozzolans) and alkali materials (ashes, waste glasses, chemicals, and alkaline wastes) are reviewed in this paper. By analogy with low-Portland clinker cements, alkali-activated low-GBFS, low-FA, and low-MK (up to 50%) cements incorporated with various alternative aluminosilicates have been found to represent very promising types of AACs in terms of availability of raw materials, engineering and economic performance, and commercialisation.

摘要

对于不断发展的碱活化材料（AAM），根据日益增长的生态和技术要求扩大和优化原材料基础是未来的决定因素之一。由于无机材料化学的发展，在整个 AAM 的历史中，潜在合适的硅铝酸盐的范围已经发生了变化和不断扩大。最近，除了传统的粒状高炉矿渣 (GBFS)、粉煤灰 (FA) 和偏高岭土 (MK) 之外，还进行了新的努力以寻找更多类型的合适的替代铝硅酸盐源和碱活化剂。这种搜索导致了广泛的研究，这些研究大大增加了对各种自然资源和废物对生产碱活化水泥 (AAC) 的适用性的理解。基于几组铝硅酸盐（有色金属渣、灰渣、废玻璃、采矿和陶瓷废料、天然岩石和天然火山灰）和碱性材料（灰烬、废玻璃、化学品和碱性废物）在本文中进行了综述。通过与低波特兰熟料水泥类比，已发现掺入各种替代硅铝酸盐的碱活化低 GBFS、低 FA 和低 MK（高达 50%）水泥在可用性方面代表了非常有前途的 AAC 类型原材料、工程和经济性能以及商业化。和天然火山灰）和碱性材料（灰烬、废玻璃、化学品和碱性废物）在本文中进行了综述。通过与低波特兰熟料水泥类比，已发现掺入各种替代硅铝酸盐的碱活化低 GBFS、低 FA 和低 MK（高达 50%）水泥在可用性方面代表了非常有前途的 AAC 类型原材料、工程和经济性能以及商业化。和天然火山灰）和碱性材料（灰烬、废玻璃、化学品和碱性废物）在本文中进行了综述。通过与低波特兰熟料水泥类比，已发现掺入各种替代硅铝酸盐的碱活化低 GBFS、低 FA 和低 MK（高达 50%）水泥在可用性方面代表了非常有前途的 AAC 类型原材料、工程和经济性能以及商业化。