Metabolic syndrome is a major health problem concerning approximately 25% of worldwide population. Metabolic syndrome regroups a cluster of five metabolic abnormalities predisposing to Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Dysbiotic gut microbiota is accompanied by an increase of both intestinal permeability and pathogen‐associated molecular patterns translocation into blood circulation to induce metabolic endotoxemia responsible for the low‐grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. Among pathogen‐associated molecular patterns, bacterial extracellular vesicles are gaining growing attention. The latter are produced by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and are vectors of communication between gut microbiota and its host The present review brings evidence to the importance of the control of the balance between the different subsets of gut microbiota in the development of metabolic diseases including metabolic syndrome.

中文翻译：

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微生物来源的细胞外囊泡和代谢综合征

代谢综合征是一个主要的健康问题，涉及全球约 25% 的人口。代谢综合征重新组合了易患 2 型糖尿病的五种代谢异常。肠道菌群失调伴随着肠道通透性和病原体相关分子模式转移到血液循环中的增加，从而诱导代谢性内毒素血症，导致代谢综合征中的低度全身炎症和胰岛素抵抗。在病原体相关的分子模式中，细菌细胞外囊泡越来越受到关注。