1. Humanity is facing a biodiversity crisis, with freshwater‐associated biodiversity in a particularly dire state. Novel ecosystems created through human use of mineral resources, such as gravel pit lakes, can provide substitute habitats for the conservation of freshwater and riparian biodiversity. Many of these artificial ecosystems are subject to a high intensity of recreational use, however, which may limit their biodiversity potential.
2. The species richness of several taxa (plants, amphibians, dragonflies, damselflies, waterfowl, and songbirds) was assessed and a range of taxonomic biodiversity metrics were compared between gravel pit lakes managed for recreational fisheries (n = 16) and unmanaged reference lakes (n = 10), controlling for non‐fishing‐related environmental variation.
3. The average species richness of all the taxa examined was similar among lakes in both lake types and no substantial differences in species composition were found when examining the pooled species inventory. Similarly, there were no differences between lake types in the presence of rare species and in the Simpson diversity index across all of the taxa assessed.
4. Variation in species richness among lakes was correlated with woody habitat, lake morphology (surface area and steepness), and land use, but was not correlated with the presence of recreational fisheries. Thus, non‐fishing‐related environmental variables had stronger effects on local species presence than recreational fisheries management or the presence of recreational anglers.
5. Collectively, no evidence was found that anglers and recreational fisheries management constrain the development of aquatic and riparian biodiversity in gravel pit lakes in the study region; however, the conservation of species diversity in gravel pit lakes could benefit from an increasing reliance on habitat enhancement activities.

中文翻译：

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有和没有休闲渔业管理的人工湖生态系统中水生和河岸生物多样性的现状：对保护的影响

1. 人类正面临着生物多样性危机，与淡水有关的生物多样性处于特别严峻的状态。通过人类使用矿产资源（例如砾石坑湖）而创建的新型生态系统可以为保护淡水和河岸生物多样性提供替代栖息地。但是，这些人工生态系统中的许多生态系统都受到很高程度的娱乐利用，这可能会限制其生物多样性的潜力。
2. 评估了几种分类单元（植物，两栖动物，蜻蜓，豆娘，水禽和鸣鸟）的物种丰富度，并比较了为休闲渔业管理的砾石坑湖（n = 16）和未管理的参考湖（n = 10），控制与捕鱼无关的环境变化。
3. 在两种湖泊类型中，所有湖泊中所有分类单元的平均物种丰富度相似，并且在检查池中物种种群时，物种组成没有发现实质性差异。同样，在所有稀有物种的存在下，湖泊类型之间的差异与辛普森多样性指数之间也没有差异。
4. 湖泊之间物种丰富度的变化与木本生境，湖泊形态（表面积和陡度）以及土地利用有关，但与休闲渔业的存在无关。因此，与休闲渔业管理或休闲垂钓者相比，与捕鱼无关的环境变量对当地物种的影响更大。
5. 总体而言，没有证据表明钓鱼者和休闲渔业管理限制了研究区域砾石坑湖中水生和河岸生物多样性的发展；然而，砾石坑湖中物种多样性的保护可能会受益于对生境增强活动的日益依赖。