Surface ablation and in-depth temperature distribution of the charring material are the key properties of the thermal protection system in re-entry vehicles subjected to aerodynamic heating. To investigate the factors affecting the ablation performance of charring materials, the influence of decomposition reaction and surface recession on ablation was added to the heat conduction and surface energy balance equation, to comprehend the phenomenon of surface material removal. The model developed in this study was verified by comparing with results from traditional finite difference method. Furthermore, the effects of external constant heat flux, initial material thickness, and heating time on ablation were determined and discussed on temperature, surface recession, and density distribution. The change trend of the external heat flux significantly affects the change trend of the surface temperature. The material thickness and heating time have great influence on the bottom temperature. This paper contributes to the understanding of the heat transfer and ablation of the charring materials, thereby providing a basis for the selection of the thermal protection material for re-entry vehicles.

炭化材料的表面烧蚀和深度温度分布是受到空气动力加热的再入车辆中热保护系统的关键特性。为了研究影响炭化材料烧蚀性能的因素，在热传导和表面能平衡方程中加入了分解反应和表面凹陷对烧蚀的影响，以了解表面材料去除的现象。通过与传统有限差分方法的结果进行比较，验证了本研究中开发的模型。此外，确定了外部恒定热通量，初始材料厚度和加热时间对烧蚀的影响，并讨论了温度，表面凹陷和密度分布。外部热通量的变化趋势显着影响表面温度的变化趋势。材料的厚度和加热时间对底部温度有很大的影响。本文有助于了解炭化材料的传热和烧蚀，从而为选择再入车辆的隔热材料提供基础。