Iron–sulfur clusters are metal cofactors that are present in all domains of life. Many enzymes that require these cofactors have biotechnological importance, because they can be used to uncover catabolic routes to new sugar substrates or can be a critical part of pathways to produce chemicals and biofuels. However, the expression of these iron–sulfur enzymes of bacterial origin in yeast at high levels is a significant bottleneck. Intermediates upstream of the enzyme accumulate, because the activity of these enzymes is either low or completely absent. In this review, we examine possible explanations for this limitation, discuss potential genetic interventions in the yeast host that can increase iron–sulfur enzyme activity, and suggest future directions for creating more efficient yeast hosts capable of high iron–sulfur enzyme expression.

铁硫簇是存在于所有生命领域的金属辅助因子。许多需要这些辅因子的酶具有生物技术重要性，因为它们可用于发现新糖底物的分解代谢途径，或者可以成为生产化学品和生物燃料途径的关键部分。然而，这些细菌来源的铁硫酶在酵母中的高水平表达是一个重要的瓶颈。酶上游的中间体积累，因为这些酶的活性低或完全不存在。在这篇综述中，我们研究了对这种限制的可能解释，讨论了酵母宿主中可以增加铁硫酶活性的潜在遗传干预，并提出了创造能够高铁硫酶表达的更有效酵母宿主的未来方向。