Automotive roll-on/roll-off (Ro-Ro) transportation is an efficient and competitive method for the large-scale transshipment of commercial cars. However, the low-efficiency operations and insufficient storage resources of automotive Ro-Ro terminals have constrained the development of Ro-Ro transportation. This paper investigates the storage location assignment problem (SLAP) for the arrival of cars at the yard, and it aims to improve the ship-loading efficiency and contribute to efficient storage at Ro-Ro terminals. Two deadlock situations resulting from blocked routes are analyzed in detail. Based on the Ro-Ro ship stowage plan, a car group concept is proposed to reflect the loading sequence of cars into a Ro-Ro ship. The dispersion degree is defined to describe the centralized layout of every car group in the yard. A linear 0-1 integer programming model is formulated to minimize the total dispersion degrees of all car groups. Furthermore, an indicator called the attraction degree is presented to quantify the preferred degree of each location for storing different groups of cars. A hierarchical two-stage exchange strategy (HTSES) is designed to obtain the car layout with the minimum total dispersion degree. To reduce the scale of the solved problem, a rolling-horizon heuristic approach based on closed-loop (positive and negative) feedback is proposed. Positive feedback based on the guidance mechanism describes the guidance provided by the existing car layout to arriving cars, while negative feedback based on the reformulation mechanism represents the influence of arriving cars on the car layout. A series of numerical experiments show that the proposed method can effectively produce a satisfactory car assignment plan for the management of automotive Ro-Ro terminals.

汽车滚装运输是一种用于大型商用车转运的有效且有竞争力的方法。然而，汽车滚装终端的低效率操作和不足的存储资源限制了滚装运输的发展。本文研究了汽车到达堆场的存储位置分配问题（SLAP），旨在提高船舶装载效率并为Ro-Ro码头的有效存储做出贡献。详细分析了由于路由阻塞而导致的两种死锁情况。基于滚装船的配载计划，提出了一种汽车群的概念，以反映汽车在滚装船中的装载顺序。散布度定义为描述院子中每个轿厢组的集中布局。制定了线性0-1整数规划模型，以最大程度降低所有汽车组的总分散度。此外，提出了一种称为吸引力程度的指标，以量化每个位置用于存储不同组汽车的首选程度。设计了一种分层的两阶段交换策略（HTSES），以获得具有最小总分散度的汽车布局。为了减小解决问题的规模，提出了一种基于闭环（正负）反馈的滚动水平启发式方法。基于引导机制的正反馈描述了现有轿厢布局对到达的轿厢提供的指导，而基于重新制定机制的负反馈则表示了到达轿厢对轿厢布局的影响。