Abstract: Calibration of optical counters, condensation particle counters, electrical impactors, filtration efficiency measurement, heterogeneous condensation (and many other laboratory applications in aerosol science and technology) are widely used with singly charged particles classified by a differential mobility analyzer with particles smaller than 1 μm. Nevertheless the method presents an ambiguity because of the presence of multi charged large particles of the same mobility than singly ones. This ambiguity results in uncertainty in the concentration regarded as a reference. The present paper reports a generation method of strictly singly (positive and negative) charged liquid and solid particles up to 1 μm. This paper reports a particle generation-method based on ion-induced nucleation of singly charged atmospheric ions. The method uses evaporation and controlled condensation of liquids or solid on seed particles or ions. The ions grow and form wide continuum polydisperse distributions of positive or negative liquid/solid polydisperse particles up to 1 μm. The ions produced with a corona or radioactive or soft X ray or UV source in filtered dry stream air are used as seed nucleus in controlled condensation of vapor from solid or liquid compounds. The final formed droplets or spheres around the ions keep the positive or negative initial charge of the ions. Vapors from low meting point solids or high boiling point and low vapor pressure liquids are used in this vaporizer-condenser generator. The paper focuses on particles with diameters up to 1 μm dedicated to classical differential mobility analyzers (DMA). The results with larger particles produced with the same generator design using heterogeneous condensation of vapors on sub 10 nm singly charged particles from melting NiCr (Kanthal) wires in air will be published in a second paper (manuscript in preparation). A companion paper on the saturation ratio profiles modeling with Comsol and comparison theory-experiments is in preparation.

中文翻译：

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基于离子诱导成核的严格单电荷（固体 - 液体）多分散粒子的发生器，最大可达 1 μm。

摘要：光学计数器、冷凝粒子计数器、电冲击器的校准、过滤效率测量、异质冷凝（以及气溶胶科学和技术中的许多其他实验室应用）广泛用于由差分迁移率分析仪分类的单带电粒子，其中粒子小于 1微米。然而，由于存在与单个粒子具有相同迁移率的多带电大粒子，因此该方法存在歧义。这种模糊性导致作为参考的浓度存在不确定性。本论文报道了一种严格带正电和负电的液体和最大 1 μm 固体颗粒的生成方法。本文报道了一种基于单电荷大气离子的离子诱导成核的粒子生成方法。该方法使用液体或固体在种子颗粒或离子上的蒸发和受控冷凝。离子生长并形成高达 1 μm 的正或负液体/固体多分散颗粒的宽连续多分散分布。用电晕或放射性或软 X 射线或紫外线源在过滤后的干燥气流中产生的离子用作种子核，用于控制固体或液体化合物的蒸汽冷凝。最终在离子周围形成的液滴或球体保持离子的正负初始电荷。该蒸发器-冷凝器发生器使用来自低熔点固体或高沸点和低蒸气压液体的蒸气。本文重点介绍了专用于经典差分迁移率分析仪 (DMA) 的直径高达 1 μm 的颗粒。使用相同发生器设计在空气中熔化 NiCr (Kanthal) 线产生的亚 10 nm 单带电粒子上蒸汽的异质冷凝产生较大粒子的结果将发表在第二篇论文中（准备中的手稿）。正在准备一篇关于使用 Comsol 和比较理论实验进行饱和比剖面建模的配套论文。