Abstract Rock fragmentation by blasting is still among the most challenging of problems in geomechanical engineering. The intent of this work is not to develop a new overall blast fragmentation model as the existing models, like Swebrec (KCO), the Fragmentation-Energy Fan, or the Distribution-Free models, have proven successful. The aim of the study is, however, to review the approaches that have been developed for rock mass blastability assessment. The desire to identify the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the blastability of a rock mass for selective blast design inputs for Grade Engineering®, led to a review of blastability assessment approaches to determine the opportunities for continuous and automated assessment. The comprehensive review of over thirty blastability assessment approaches has shown how different geological and geotechnical parameters play various roles in the blastability assessments. The blastability assessment approaches to fragmentation are categorised based on their application (qualitative assessment, powder factor determination, or fragmentation prediction) or the source of the significant parameters (small -scale tests, rock mass measurements, geotechnical ratings, pre-blast indirect measurements, post-blast measurements, or multiple rock mass and blast measurements). Over twenty parameters were identified in the review, often with a high level of uncertainty associated with determining the effective parameters. The authors then show that there are three key factors which impact on the mechanisms of the dynamic breakage of rocks – the strength, density, and structure of the rock mass (discontinuities). The quantification of the discontinuities is not always considered although they are vital because the intrinsic block size distribution controls the fragmentation, governs the propagation and the attenuation of the stress waves in the rock mass, and the extent of the damage zone. This study also reviews approaches to assess the three-dimensional blastability distribution of rock masses linked to modern rock mass measurement and geophysical surveys. A simple, rapid, and practical blastability assessment is key to advanced blast design.

中文翻译：

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将岩体的地质和岩土特征纳入选择性爆破设计可爆性评估的方法综述

摘要 爆破破碎岩石仍然是地质力学工程中最具挑战性的问题之一。这项工作的目的不是开发一个新的整体爆炸碎片模型，因为现有模型，如 Swebrec (KCO)、碎片能量扇或无分布模型，已被证明是成功的。然而，该研究的目的是回顾已开发的岩体爆破性评估方法。为用于 Grade Engineering® 的选择性爆破设计输入而确定岩体可爆性的三维 (3D) 分布的愿望导致了对可爆性评估方法的审查，以确定连续和自动评估的机会。对三十多种爆破性评估方法的综合审查表明，不同的地质和岩土参数如何在爆破性评估中发挥不同的作用。碎裂的可爆性评估方法根据其应用（定性评估、粉末因素确定或碎裂预测）或重要参数的来源（小规模试验、岩体测量、岩土工程评级、爆破前间接测量、爆炸后测量，或多个岩体和爆炸测量）。在审查中确定了二十多个参数，通常与确定有效参数相关的高度不确定性。然后作者表明，有三个关键因素会影响岩石的动态破碎机制——岩体的强度、密度和结构（不连续性）。不连续性的量化并不总是被考虑，尽管它们很重要，因为固有的块尺寸分布控制着破碎，控制着岩体中应力波的传播和衰减，以及损坏区域的范围。本研究还回顾了评估与现代岩体测量和地球物理调查相关的岩体三维可爆性分布的方法。简单、快速和实用的爆破性评估是先进爆破设计的关键。不连续性的量化并不总是被考虑，尽管它们很重要，因为固有的块尺寸分布控制着破碎，控制着岩体中应力波的传播和衰减，以及损坏区域的范围。本研究还回顾了评估与现代岩体测量和地球物理调查相关的岩体三维可爆性分布的方法。简单、快速和实用的爆破性评估是先进爆破设计的关键。不连续性的量化并不总是被考虑，尽管它们很重要，因为固有的块尺寸分布控制着破碎，控制着岩体中应力波的传播和衰减，以及损坏区域的范围。本研究还回顾了评估与现代岩体测量和地球物理调查相关的岩体三维可爆性分布的方法。简单、快速和实用的爆破性评估是先进爆破设计的关键。本研究还回顾了评估与现代岩体测量和地球物理调查相关的岩体三维可爆性分布的方法。简单、快速和实用的爆破性评估是先进爆破设计的关键。本研究还回顾了评估与现代岩体测量和地球物理调查相关的岩体三维可爆性分布的方法。简单、快速和实用的爆破性评估是先进爆破设计的关键。