Modern computing systems have grown in complexity, and even though system components are generally carefully designed and even verified by different groups of people, the composition of these components is often regarded with less attention. Inconsistencies between components’ assumptions on the rest of the system can have significant repercussions on this system, and may ultimately lead to safety or security issues. In this article, we introduce FreeSpec, a formalismbuilt upon the key idea that components can bemodeled as programs with algebraic effects to be realized by other components. FreeSpec allows for the modular modeling of a complex system, by defining idealized components connected together, and the modular verification of the properties of their composition. In addition, we have implemented a framework for the Coq proof assistant based on FreeSpec.

中文翻译：

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使用效果和效果处理程序对程序进行模块化验证

现代计算系统变得越来越复杂，即使系统组件通常经过精心设计，甚至由不同的人群进行验证，作品这些组件中的一些通常被较少关注。组件对系统其余部分的假设之间的不一致可能对该系统产生重大影响，并最终可能导致安全或安保问题。在本文中，我们介绍了 FreeSpec，这是一种建立在组件可以被建模为具有代数效应的程序的关键思想的形式主义，该程序可以由其他组件实现。FreeSpec 允许复杂系统的模块化建模，通过定义连接在一起的理想化组件，以及对其组成属性的模块化验证。此外，我们还实现了一个基于 FreeSpec 的 Coq proof assistant 框架。