Purpose of Review

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a family of > 4700 recalcitrant compounds, many of which are ubiquitous in the environment. This review aims to (1) identify PFAS sources and fate processes relevant to agricultural systems and (2) expand on plant uptake mechanisms and plant responses to PFAS.

Recent Findings

The number of PFAS being quantified in studies involving soil, water, and plants is increasing. Transformation of precursors that tend to stay in the rhizosphere can lead to long-term PFAS reservoir to plants. Some PFAS are readily taken up, particularly the shorter-chain PFAS, and can evoke metabolic responses and phytotoxic effects at high concentrations. PFAS translocation from roots to shoots occurs through both active and passive transport mechanisms. Both PFAS uptake and effects vary between and within species.

Summary

As new PFAS emerge, it will be necessary to continue expanding the list of PFAS quantified in land-applied media and assessing their accumulation potential in plants. While controlled laboratory or greenhouse studies have merit, comprehensive field studies are needed to provide clarity on PFAS fate and their relative risk in agricultural systems. Field studies should include identifying site-specific PFAS sources, quantifying a broader suite of PFAS and identifying potential precursors, evaluating plant uptake of replacement PFAS, reporting of soil properties and climatic conditions, and assessing risk of impacts to source and irrigation waters. This information can be utilized to inform future studies towards evaluating and mitigating risks to our food chain associated with PFAS in agricultural systems.

中文翻译：

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全氟和多氟烷基物质在农业系统中的来源，命运和植物吸收

审查目的

全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是一类> 4700种顽固性化合物，其中许多在环境中普遍存在。这项审查的目的是（1）确定与农业系统有关的PFAS来源和命运过程，以及（2）扩展植物吸收机制和植物对PFAS的反应。

最近的发现

在涉及土壤，水和植物的研究中，PFAS的数量正在增加。倾向于留在根际中的前体的转化会导致植物的长期PFAS储藏。某些PFAS容易被吸收，尤其是短链PFAS，在高浓度时会引起代谢反应和植物毒性作用。PFAS通过主动和被动转运机制从根向芽转移。PFAS的吸收和影响在物种之间和内部都不同。

概要

随着新的PFAS的出现，有必要继续扩大在土地上使用的媒介中量化的PFAS清单，并评估它们在植物中的积累潜力。尽管有控制实验室或温室研究的优点，但仍需要进行全面的田间研究，以明确PFAS的命运及其在农业系统中的相对风险。实地研究应包括确定特定地点的PFAS来源，量化更广泛的PFAS套件并确定潜在的前体，评估植物对替代PFAS的吸收，土壤特性和气候条件的报告以及评估对水源和灌溉水的影响风险。此信息可用于为将来的研究提供信息，以评估和减轻与农业系统中PFAS相关的食物链风险。