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Associations between ultraviolet radiation, tree cover and adolescent sunburns
International Journal of Health Geographics ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 , DOI: 10.1186/s12942-020-00253-x
Calvin P. Tribby , Anne K. Julian , April Y. Oh , Frank M. Perna , David Berrigan

Sunburn is the strongest risk factor for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Adolescent sunburns are related to higher risk of developing melanoma later in life. Little is known about the association of sunburns and shade, particularly tree cover, around adolescent homes and schools. This linkage study assessed associations of adolescent self-reported sunburns with ambient ultraviolet radiation (UV) and tree cover. We analyzed a U.S. national sample of parent–child dyads (n = 1333) from the 2014 Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study conducted by the National Cancer Institute. The outcome was adolescent sunburns reported for the previous 12 months. GIS buffers around geocoded home and school addresses were used to summarize UV and tree cover. A sensitivity analysis assessed different UV measures and tree cover buffer distances. Logistic regression models estimated the adjusted odds of any sunburns for five models: (1) no environmental variables; (2) spatial variables of latitude and longitude; (3) UV; (4) tree cover; and, (5) a combined model with UV and tree cover. Covariates included common sunburn-related items such as sun protective behaviors, socio-demographics, and latitude. Model residuals were assessed for spatial dependency and clustering. Overall, 44% of adolescents reported any sunburns in the previous 12 months. For the bivariate associations, lower categories of UV were associated with any reported sunburns (p-trend = 0.002). Home tree cover was not associated with any reported sunburns (p-trend = 0.08), whereas schools with lower categories of tree cover were associated with sunburns (p-trend = 0.008). The adjusted odds of any sunburns by UV tertiles, as a linear tread, was 0.89 (0.76–1.05) (p = 0.17); school tree cover was: 0.91 (0.78–1.07) (p = 0.25). Neither UV nor tree cover, in a combined model, were significant. Sensitivity analyses resulted in the optimal buffer size of 200 m for summarizing tree cover. Spatial dependence of residuals was not significant and clustering was significant for about 6% or less of the sample in each model. We did not find significant relationships between UV or tree cover and adolescent sunburns, when adjusted by sunburn-related covariates. Better contextual data about where sunburns occurred is needed to identify environmental correlates of sunburn.

中文翻译:

紫外线,树木覆盖物和青春期晒伤之间的关联

晒伤是黑色素瘤和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的最强危险因素。青少年晒伤与以后生活中患黑色素瘤的风险较高有关。关于青春期房屋和学校周围的晒伤和阴影,尤其是树木的覆盖,人们所知甚少。这项关联研究评估了青少年自我报告的晒伤与环境紫外线辐射(UV)和树木覆盖的关联。我们从美国国家癌症研究所(National Cancer Institute)进行的2014年家庭生活,活动,阳光,健康和饮食(FLASHE)研究中,分析了美国国家级的亲子二倍体样本(n = 1333)。结果是前12个月有青春期晒伤。地理编码的家庭和学校地址周围的GIS缓冲区用于汇总UV和树的覆盖范围。敏感性分析评估了不同的紫外线测量方法和树木覆盖物的缓冲距离。Logistic回归模型估计了五个模型对任何晒伤的调整几率:(1)没有环境变量;(2)经纬度的空间变量;(3)紫外线;(4)树盖;(5)具有紫外线和树木覆盖的组合模型。协变量包括与晒伤相关的常见项目,例如防晒行为,社会人口统计学和纬度。评估模型残差的空间依赖性和聚类性。总体而言,在过去的12个月中,有44%的青少年报告有晒伤。对于双变量关联,较低类别的紫外线与任何报道的晒伤有关(p-趋势= 0.002)。家庭树木的覆盖与任何报告的晒伤无关(p趋势= 0.08),而树木覆盖率较低的学校与晒伤有关(p趋势= 0.008)。作为线性胎面,紫外线三分位数对晒伤的调整几率是0.89(0.76-1.05)(p = 0.17);学校树的覆盖率为:0.91(0.78–1.07)(p = 0.25)。在组合模型中,紫外线和树木的覆盖率都不重要。敏感性分析得出用于汇总树木覆盖率的最佳缓冲区大小为200 m。残差的空间依赖性不显着,并且在每个模型中,大约6%或更少的样本聚类显着。通过晒伤相关协变量进行调整后,我们没有发现紫外线或树木覆盖物与青春期晒伤之间存在显着关系。需要有关晒伤发生地点的更好的上下文数据,以识别晒伤的环境相关因素。作为线性胎面,紫外线三分位数对晒伤的调整几率是0.89(0.76-1.05)(p = 0.17);学校树的覆盖率为:0.91(0.78–1.07)(p = 0.25)。在组合模型中,紫外线和树木的覆盖率都不重要。敏感性分析得出200 m的最佳缓冲区大小,用于汇总树的覆盖范围。残差的空间依赖性不显着,并且在每个模型中,大约6%或更少的样本聚类显着。通过晒伤相关协变量进行调整后,我们没有发现紫外线或树木覆盖物与青春期晒伤之间存在显着关系。需要有关晒伤发生地点的更好的上下文数据,以识别晒伤的环境相关因素。作为线性胎面,紫外线三分位数对晒伤的调整几率是0.89(0.76-1.05)(p = 0.17);学校树的覆盖率为:0.91(0.78–1.07)(p = 0.25)。在组合模型中,紫外线和树木的覆盖率都不重要。敏感性分析得出200 m的最佳缓冲区大小,用于汇总树的覆盖范围。残差的空间依赖性不显着,并且在每个模型中,大约6%或更少的样本聚类显着。通过晒伤相关的协变量进行调整后,我们没有发现紫外线或树木覆盖物与青春期晒伤之间存在显着关系。需要有关晒伤发生地点的更好的上下文数据,以识别晒伤的环境相关因素。在组合模型中,意义重大。敏感性分析得出200 m的最佳缓冲区大小,用于汇总树的覆盖范围。残差的空间依赖性不显着,并且在每个模型中,大约6%或更少的样本聚类显着。通过晒伤相关协变量进行调整后,我们没有发现紫外线或树木覆盖物与青春期晒伤之间存在显着关系。需要有关晒伤发生地点的更好的上下文数据,以识别晒伤的环境相关因素。在组合模型中,意义重大。敏感性分析得出200 m的最佳缓冲区大小,用于汇总树的覆盖范围。残差的空间依赖性不显着,并且在每个模型中,大约6%或更少的样本聚类显着。通过晒伤相关的协变量进行调整后,我们没有发现紫外线或树木覆盖物与青春期晒伤之间存在显着关系。需要有关晒伤发生地点的更好的上下文数据,以识别晒伤的环境相关因素。通过晒伤相关协变量进行调整后。需要有关晒伤发生地点的更好的上下文数据,以识别晒伤的环境相关因素。通过晒伤相关协变量进行调整后。需要有关晒伤发生地点的更好的上下文数据,以识别晒伤的环境相关因素。
更新日期:2020-12-14
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