Environmental lodging stress, which is a result of numerous factors, is characterized by uncertainty. However, several studies related to lodging in cereal crops have reported that lodging in the Hippeastrum rutilum environment is very rare. Hippeastrum rutilum is a garden flower with high ornamental value and abundant germplasm resources. Under past cultivation practices, it was found that the plant types of ‘Red Lion’, with red flowers, and ‘Apple Blossom’, with pink flowers, are quite different. The leaves of ‘Red Lion’ are upright, while the leaves of ‘Apple Blossom’ show lodging, which seriously affects its ornamental value. The aims of this study were to compare the differences between the two varieties with leaf lodging and upright leaves according to morphological and physiological attributes. In this study, karyotype analysis and phenotypic morphological and physiological characteristics were compared to explore the differences between the two plant types. The karyotype analysis of the two cultivars showed that their chromosome types were both tetraploid plants. The results showed that the lignin content in the leaves of ‘Red Lion’ was high, the cross-sectional structure of the leaf vascular bundle was more stable, and the chlorophyll content was high. In addition, significantly less energy was transferred to the electron transport chain (ETR) during the photoreaction. Similarly, the results regarding the maximum photosynthetic rate (Fv/Fm), nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and effective quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (△F/Fm′) all indicated that the photosynthetic capacity of “Red Lion” was greater than that of “Apple Blossom”, which was affected by leaf lodging. The size of the leaves was significantly smaller, and the leaf sag angle, leaf width, and leaf tip angle presented significantly lower values in ‘Red Lion’ than in ‘Apple Blossom’, which exhibits leaf sag. The difference in these factors may be the reason for the different phenotypes of the two cultivars. The results of this study proved that lodging affects the photosynthetic capacity of Hippeastrum rutilum and revealed some indexes that might be related to leaf lodging, laying a theoretical foundation for cultivating and improving new varieties.

中文翻译：

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两种Hippeastrum rutilum形态和生理叶片倒伏特性差异的评估

由多种因素导致的环境倒伏压力具有不确定性。但是，一些与谷类作物倒伏有关的研究报告说，在朱顶红金龟菊环境中倒伏非常罕见。牛肝菌是一种园林花卉，具有较高的观赏价值和丰富的种质资源。在过去的栽培实践中，发现带有红色花朵的“红狮”和带有粉色花朵的“苹果花”的植物类型是完全不同的。“红狮”的叶子直立，而“苹果花”的叶子呈倒伏状，严重影响其观赏价值。本研究的目的是根据形态和生理特性比较具有倒伏和直立叶片的两个品种之间的差异。在这个研究中，比较了核型分析和表型形态和生理特征，以探讨两种植物之间的差异。两个品种的核型分析表明，它们的染色体类型均为四倍体植物。结果表明，“红狮”叶片木质素含量较高，叶片维管束的横截面结构更稳定，叶绿素含量较高。此外，在光反应过程中，转移到电子传输链（ETR）的能量明显更少。同样，关于最大光合速率（Fv / Fm），非光化学猝灭（NPQ）和光系统II光化学的有效量子产率（△F / Fm'）的结果均表明，“红狮”的光合能力大于的“苹果花” 受到叶片倒伏的影响。叶片的尺寸明显较小，并且在“红狮”中叶片的下垂角，叶片宽度和叶尖角的值明显低于“苹果开花”中的下垂角。这些因素的差异可能是两个品种表型不同的原因。研究结果表明倒伏影响了朱顶红的光合能力，揭示了一些可能与叶片倒伏有关的指标，为培育和改良新品种奠定了理论基础。这些因素的差异可能是两个品种表型不同的原因。研究结果证明倒伏影响了朱顶红的光合能力，揭示了一些可能与倒伏有关的指标，为栽培和改良新品种奠定了理论基础。这些因素的差异可能是两个品种表型不同的原因。研究结果证明倒伏影响了朱顶红的光合能力，揭示了一些可能与倒伏有关的指标，为栽培和改良新品种奠定了理论基础。