OBJECTIVE To understand how longitudinal serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) patterns can inform its use as a prognostic biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS) and evaluate whether sNfL reflects MS disease activity and disease-modifying therapy usage. METHODS This was a post hoc analysis of longitudinal data and samples from the ADVANCE trial (NCT00906399) of patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). sNfL was measured every 3 months for 2 years, then every 6 months for 4 years. Regression models explored how sNfL data predicted 4-year values of brain volume, expanded disability status scale score, and T2 lesions. sNfL levels were assessed in those receiving placebo, peginterferon beta-1a, and those with disease activity. RESULTS Baseline sNfL was a predictor of 4-year brain atrophy and development of new T2 lesions. Clinical (p = 0.02) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (p < 0.01) outcomes improved in those receiving peginterferon beta-1a whose sNfL decreased to <16 pg/mL after 12 months versus those whose sNfL remained ⩾16 pg/mL. Mean sNfL levels decreased in peginterferon beta-1a-treated patients and increased in placebo-treated patients (-9.5% vs. 6.8%; p < 0.01). sNfL was higher and more variable in patients with evidence of active MS. CONCLUSION These data support sNfL as a prognostic and disease-monitoring biomarker for RRMS.

中文翻译：

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多发性硬化症中血清神经丝光的时间分布：对患者监测的意义

目的了解纵向血清神经丝轻链 (sNfL) 模式如何告知其作为多发性硬化症 (MS) 预后生物标志物的用途，并评估 sNfL 是否反映 MS 疾病活动和疾病修饰疗法的使用。方法 这是对复发缓解型 MS (RRMS) 患者 ADVANCE 试验 (NCT00906399) 的纵向数据和样本的事后分析。sNfL 每 3 个月测量一次，持续 2 年，然后每 6 个月测量一次，持续 4 年。回归模型探讨了 sNfL 数据如何预测 4 年的脑容量值、扩展的残疾状态量表评分和 T2 病变。在接受安慰剂、聚乙二醇干扰素 beta-1a 和有疾病活动的人中评估了 sNfL 水平。结果 基线 sNfL 是 4 年脑萎缩和新 T2 病变发展的预测因子。临床（p = 0。02) 和磁共振成像 (MRI) (p < 0.01) 的结果在接受聚乙二醇干扰素 beta-1a 的患者中得到改善，其 sNfL 在 12 个月后降至 <16 pg/mL，而 sNfL 保持在 16 pg/mL。聚乙二醇干扰素 beta-1a 治疗患者的平均 sNfL 水平下降，而安慰剂治疗患者的平均 sNfL 水平升高（-9.5% 对 6.8%；p < 0.01）。有活动性 MS 证据的患者 sNfL 更高且变化更大。结论 这些数据支持 sNfL 作为 RRMS 的预后和疾病监测生物标志物。有活动性 MS 证据的患者 sNfL 更高且变化更大。结论 这些数据支持 sNfL 作为 RRMS 的预后和疾病监测生物标志物。有活动性 MS 证据的患者 sNfL 更高且变化更大。结论 这些数据支持 sNfL 作为 RRMS 的预后和疾病监测生物标志物。