Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, which is the consequence of several genetic and environmental factors. Also, it is one of the most common causes of cancer death and second leading cancer among women all around the world. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel therapeutic approaches useful for the successful treatment of breast cancer. As conventional treatments had limited success, alternative approaches for the treatment of breast cancer have been applied in recent years. Hence, the molecular basis of breast cancer has provided the opportunity of using genetic materials for therapeutic uses. In this regard, gene therapy as one of the potentially efficient and beneficial treatments among various techniques became a popular treatment for different cancers, especially breast cancer. Accordingly, there are plenty of targets available for gene therapy of breast cancer. Gene therapy strategies have the potential to correct molecular defects that contributed to the cancer progression. These techniques should selectively target tumor cells without affecting normal cells. Moreover, data of clinical trials in gene therapy for breast cancer indicated that this approach has little toxicity compared to other therapeutic approaches. In this study, different aspects of breast neoplasm, gene therapy techniques, challenges, and recent developments will be mentioned.

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基因治疗作为一种新兴的乳腺癌治疗方法：新的发展和挑战

乳腺癌是一种异质性疾病，是多种遗传和环境因素共同作用的结果。此外，它是癌症死亡的最常见原因之一，也是全世界女性中第二大癌症。因此，有必要开发对成功治疗乳腺癌有用的新治疗方法。由于常规治疗的成功有限，近年来已经应用了治疗乳腺癌的替代方法。因此，乳腺癌的分子基础为使用遗传材料进行治疗提供了机会。在这方面，基因治疗作为各种技术中潜在有效和有益的治疗方法之一，成为不同癌症，特别是乳腺癌的流行治疗方法。因此，有很多可用于乳腺癌基因治疗的靶点。基因治疗策略有可能纠正导致癌症进展的分子缺陷。这些技术应该选择性地靶向肿瘤细胞而不影响正常细胞。此外，乳腺癌基因治疗的临床试验数据表明，与其他治疗方法相比，这种方法的毒性很小。在本研究中，将提及乳腺肿瘤的不同方面、基因治疗技术、挑战和最新进展。乳腺癌基因治疗的临床试验数据表明，与其他治疗方法相比，这种方法的毒性很小。在本研究中，将提及乳腺肿瘤的不同方面、基因治疗技术、挑战和最新进展。乳腺癌基因治疗的临床试验数据表明，与其他治疗方法相比，这种方法的毒性很小。在本研究中，将提及乳腺肿瘤的不同方面、基因治疗技术、挑战和最新进展。