The Nantucket pine tip moth (NPTM) [Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock)], a native regeneration pest on young loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.), negatively impacts pine growth. An emerging management approach is to apply systemic insecticides to seedlings to reduce NPTM damage. These systemic insecticide applications generally occur once, perhaps twice, during the first few years of loblolly pine growth. However, these applications could lead to unintended environmental consequences to nontarget organisms. The purpose of this study was to assess potential nontarget effects from four systemic insecticide applications by assessing ground-dwelling arthropod trap catch, with a focus on collembolan trap catch and genera richness. Loblolly seedlings (24 seedlings per plot) at three sites in southeast Georgia were treated with either chlorantraniliprole, dinotefuran, fipronil, or imidacloprid or left untreated as a control. Arthropods were collected with pitfall traps that were deployed for 5 d in July, August, and September 2019, 7-9 mo after treatment. Ground-dwelling arthropod trap catch, arthropod order trap catch, collembolan trap catch, and collembolan genera richness did not vary among insecticide treatments and the untreated control in this mid-term insecticide risk assessment. While no significant effects of insecticide treatment were observed, ground-dwelling arthropod trap catch, collembolan trap catch, and collembolan genera richness differed among collection times. This study was the first of its kind in a young pine stand setting and is an important first step to understanding risk in these settings. Information on nontarget risks of management practices informs growers of the level of environmental risk associated with systemic insecticides.

中文翻译：

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从系统杀虫剂应用到幼松的非目标地栖节肢动物的有限范围风险评估

楠塔基特松尖蛾 (NPTM) [Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock)] 是一种年轻的火炬松 (Pinus taeda L.) 上的本地再生害虫，对松树的生长产生负面影响。一种新兴的管理方法是对幼苗使用内吸性杀虫剂，以减少 NPTM 的损害。在火炬松生长的最初几年，这些系统性杀虫剂应用通常发生一次，也许两次。然而，这些应用可能会对非目标生物造成意想不到的环境后果。本研究的目的是通过评估地栖节肢动物诱捕器捕获量来评估四种系统性杀虫剂应用的潜在非目标效应，重点是弹尾虫诱捕器捕获量和属丰富度。佐治亚州东南部三个地点的火炬树幼苗（每块地 24 株幼苗）用氯虫苯甲酰胺、呋虫胺、氟虫腈或吡虫啉或未经处理作为对照。节肢动物是用陷阱陷阱收集的，陷阱陷阱在处理后 7-9 个月，在 7、8 和 2019 年 9 月部署 5 天。在此中期杀虫剂风险评估中，地栖节肢动物诱捕器捕获量、节肢动物目诱捕器捕获量、弹跳虫诱捕器捕获量和弹跳虫属丰富度在杀虫剂处理和未处理控制之间没有变化。虽然没有观察到杀虫剂处理的显着影响，但地栖节肢动物诱捕器捕获、弹跳虫诱捕器捕获和弹跳虫属丰富度因收集时间而异。这项研究是首次在幼松林环境中开展此类研究，是了解这些环境中风险的重要第一步。