Lycorma delicatula (White), an invasive planthopper originally from Asia, is an emerging pest in North America. It is important to understand its phenology in order to determine its potential range in the United States. Lycorma delicatula nymphs were reared on Ailanthus altissima (Miller) (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) at each of the following constant temperatures: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C. The time spent in each instar and survival was recorded. Developmental rate increased with temperature from 15 to 30°C for all instars, then declined again at higher temperatures. Nymphal survival was lower at 35°C than between 15 and 30°C for all instars, and first instars placed at 5, 10, and 40°C all died without molting. This suggests that L. delicatula survival and development may be affected in the Southern United States by high temperatures and developmental delays will occur under cool spring conditions. The lower developmental threshold was found to be 13.00 ± 0.42°C for first instars, 12.43 ± 2.09°C for second instars, 8.48 ± 2.99°C for third instars, and 6.29 ± 2.12°C for fourth instars. The degree-day (DD) requirement for nymphs in the previous instar to complete development to reach the second instar, third instar, fourth instar, and adult was 166.61, 208.75, 410.49, and 620.07 DD (base varied), respectively. These results provide key data to support the development of phenology models and help identify the potential range of L. delicatula in North America.

中文翻译：

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温度对若虫Lycorma delicatula（半翅目：Fulgoridae）发育和存活的影响

Lycorma delicatula (White) 是一种原产于亚洲的入侵飞虱，是北美的一种新兴害虫。了解其物候学以确定其在美国的潜在范围非常重要。Lycorma delicatula 若虫在臭椿 (Miller) (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) 上在以下每个恒温条件下饲养：5、10、15、20、25、30、35 和 40°C。记录每个龄期和存活时间。所有龄期的发育速度随温度从 15°C 增加到 30°C，然后在更高温度下再次下降。对于所有龄期，若虫在 35°C 下的存活率低于 15 至 30°C，并且放置在 5、10 和 40°C 的第一龄期都没有蜕皮就死亡。这表明 L. 在美国南部，delicatula 的生存和发育可能会受到高温的影响，并且在凉爽的春季条件下会发生发育延迟。发现较低的发育阈值：一龄为 13.00±0.42°C，二龄为 12.43±2.09°C，三龄为 8.48±2.99°C，四龄为 6.29±2.12°C。前一龄若虫完成发育达到二龄、三龄、四龄和成虫的度日（DD）分别为166.61、208.75、410.49和620.07 DD（基数变化）。这些结果为支持物候模型的开发提供了关键数据，并有助于确定北美 L. delicatula 的潜在范围。一龄42°C，二龄12.43±2.09°C，三龄8.48±2.99°C，四龄6.29±2.12°C。前一龄若虫完成发育达到二龄、三龄、四龄和成虫的度日（DD）分别为166.61、208.75、410.49和620.07 DD（基数变化）。这些结果为支持物候模型的开发提供了关键数据，并有助于确定北美 L. delicatula 的潜在范围。一龄42°C，二龄12.43±2.09°C，三龄8.48±2.99°C，四龄6.29±2.12°C。前一龄若虫完成发育达到二龄、三龄、四龄和成虫的度日（DD）分别为166.61、208.75、410.49和620.07 DD（基数变化）。这些结果为支持物候模型的开发提供了关键数据，并有助于确定北美 L. delicatula 的潜在范围。分别。这些结果为支持物候模型的开发提供了关键数据，并有助于确定北美 L. delicatula 的潜在范围。分别。这些结果为支持物候模型的开发提供了关键数据，并有助于确定北美 L. delicatula 的潜在范围。