Closely related phytophagous insects that specialize on different host plants may have divergent responses to environmental factors. Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) and Rhagoletis zephyria Snow (Diptera: Tephritidae) are sibling, sympatric fly species found in western North America that attack and mate on plants of Rosaceae (~60 taxa) and Caprifoliaceae (three taxa), respectively, likely contributing to partial reproductive isolation. Rhagoletis zephyria evolved from R. pomonella and is native to western North America, whereas R. pomonella was introduced there. Given that key features of the flies' ecology, breeding compatibility, and evolution differ, we predicted that adult eclosion patterns of the two flies from Washington State, USA are also distinct. When puparia were chilled, eclosion of apple- and black hawthorn-origin R. pomonella was significantly more dispersed, with less pronounced peaks, than of snowberry-origin R. zephyria within sympatric and nonsympatric site comparisons. Percentages of chilled puparia that produced adults were ≥67% for both species. However, when puparia were not chilled, from 13.5 to 21.9% of apple-origin R. pomonella versus only 1.2% to 1.9% of R. zephyria eclosed. The distinct differences in eclosion traits of R. pomonella and R. zephyria could be due to greater genetic variation in R. pomonella, associated with its use of a wider range of host plants than R. zephyria.

中文翻译：

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实验室条件下同胞种Rhagoletis pomonella和Ragoletis zephyria（双翅目：实蝇科）的不同成虫羽化性状

专门针对不同寄主植物的密切相关的植食性昆虫可能对环境因素有不同的反应。Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) 和 Rhagoletis zephyria Snow（双翅目：Tephritidae）是在北美西部发现的同域苍蝇的兄弟物种，它们分别攻击蔷薇科（~60 个分类群）和忍冬科（三个分类群）的植物并交配，可能导致部分生殖隔离。Rhagoletis zephyria 从 R. pomonella 进化而来，原产于北美西部，而 R. pomonella 则是在那里引入的。鉴于果蝇的生态、繁殖兼容性和进化的关键特征不同，我们预测来自美国华盛顿州的两只果蝇的成虫羽化模式也不同。当蛹冷却时，苹果和黑山楂来源的 R. 在同域和非同域站点比较中，pomonella 明显更分散，峰不那么明显，比雪莓起源的 R. zephyria。两种物种产生成虫的冷冻蛹的百分比均≥67%。然而，当蛹不冷藏时，13.5% 到 21.9% 的苹果来源的梨树红叶菌与只有 1.2% 到 1.9% 的 R. zephyria 密闭。R. pomonella 和 R. zephyria 羽化性状的明显差异可能是由于 R. pomonella 的遗传变异更大，这与它比 R. zephyria 使用更广泛的寄主植物有关。5% 到 21.9% 的苹果源 R. pomonella 与仅 1.2% 到 1.9% 的 R. zephyria eclosed。R. pomonella 和 R. zephyria 羽化性状的明显差异可能是由于 R. pomonella 的遗传变异更大，这与它比 R. zephyria 使用更广泛的寄主植物有关。5% 到 21.9% 的苹果源 R. pomonella 与仅 1.2% 到 1.9% 的 R. zephyria eclosed。R. pomonella 和 R. zephyria 羽化性状的明显差异可能是由于 R. pomonella 的遗传变异更大，与 R. zephyria 相比，它使用的寄主植物范围更广。