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Elevational Changes in Mormon Cricket Life Histories: Minimum Temperature for Nymphal Growth Declines With Elevation
Environmental Entomology ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-21 , DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa151
Robert B Srygley 1
Affiliation  

As the mean temperature and the duration of the growing season decline with elevation, growth of immature insects should initiate at a lower temperature, but it should also be faster to complete development prior to season's end. Although flightless, Mormon crickets migrate in large aggregations across broad spatial and elevational distances that might limit adaptations to local environments. In addition, selection to be active at cooler temperatures might limit selection to maximize growth rate. I measured growth rate in controlled environments for nymphs from three populations that vary in altitude (87-2,688 m) but are similar in latitude (43.2-45.7°N). Growth rate increased significantly with mean rearing temperature between 22 and 30°C. The intercept of the regression of growth rate on temperature increased with elevation, whereas the slope did not change significantly. For any given rearing temperature, growth rate increased with elevation, which suggests that selection to initiate growth at cooler temperatures did not compromise growth rate. Body mass did not differ between the two lower elevations, whereas the highest elevation population had smaller hatchlings and adults. Critical thermal minimum (base temperature) declined with elevation (0.7°C per 1,000 m), and the degree days were 509 across all elevations. For pest management, a base temperature from midelevation of 15.3°C (60°F) and growing degree days of 509 (equivalent to 916 Fahrenheit-based degree days) are reasonable estimates for applications from sea level to 2,700 m.

中文翻译:

摩门教蟋蟀生活史的海拔变化:若虫生长的最低温度随着海拔的升高而下降

由于生长季节的平均温度和持续时间随着海拔的升高而下降,未成熟昆虫的生长应该在较低的温度下开始,但在季节结束之前完成发育的速度也应该更快。虽然不会飞,但摩门蟋蟀在广阔的空间和海拔距离上大面积迁移,这可能会限制对当地环境的适应。此外,选择在较冷的温度下活跃可能会限制选择以最大化生长速率。我在受控环境中测量了海拔不同(87-2,688 m)但纬度相似(43.2-45.7°N)的三个种群的若虫的生长速率。随着平均饲养温度在 22 至 30°C 之间,生长速度显着增加。生长速率回归对温度的截距随海拔升高而增加,而斜率没有显着变化。对于任何给定的饲养温度,生长速率随海拔升高而增加,这表明在较低温度下开始生长的选择不会影响生长速率。两个较低海拔之间的体重没有差异,而海拔最高的种群有较小的幼体和成年人。临界热最低值(基础温度)随海拔升高(每 1,000 米 0.7°C)而下降,所有海拔高度的度日数为 509。对于害虫管理,中海拔 15.3°C (60°F) 的基础温度和 509 的生度日(相当于 916 华氏度日)是从海平面到 2,700 米应用的合理估计。这表明在较冷的温度下开始生长的选择不会影响生长速度。两个较低海拔之间的体重没有差异,而海拔最高的种群有较小的幼体和成年人。临界热最低值(基础温度)随海拔升高(每 1,000 米 0.7°C)而下降,所有海拔高度的度日数为 509。对于害虫管理,中海拔 15.3°C (60°F) 的基础温度和 509 的生度日(相当于 916 华氏度日)是从海平面到 2,700 米应用的合理估计。这表明在较冷的温度下开始生长的选择不会影响生长速度。两个较低海拔之间的体重没有差异,而海拔最高的种群有较小的幼体和成年人。临界热最低值(基础温度)随海拔升高(每 1,000 米 0.7°C)而下降,所有海拔高度的度日数为 509。对于害虫管理,中海拔 15.3°C (60°F) 的基础温度和 509 的生度日(相当于 916 华氏度日)是从海平面到 2,700 米应用的合理估计。临界热最低值(基础温度)随海拔升高(每 1,000 米 0.7°C)而下降,所有海拔高度的度日数为 509。对于害虫管理,中海拔 15.3°C (60°F) 的基础温度和 509 的生度日(相当于 916 华氏度日)是从海平面到 2,700 米应用的合理估计。临界热最低值(基础温度)随海拔升高(每 1,000 米 0.7°C)而下降,所有海拔高度的度日数为 509。对于害虫管理,中海拔 15.3°C (60°F) 的基础温度和 509 的生度日(相当于 916 华氏度日)是从海平面到 2,700 米应用的合理估计。
更新日期:2020-11-21
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