Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) were recently observed co-infesting persimmons in Brazil. We evaluate the infestation susceptibility of persimmons at different ripening stages (unripe, UN; early ripe, ER; orange ripe, OR, and overripe, OV) by D. suzukii and Z. indianus in the field and laboratory conditions. Additionally, we determined the influence of physicochemical characteristics (e.g., resistance to penetration force, fruit skin color, acidity (pH), TSS concentration, total titratable acidity [TTA]) and the type of damage that facilitates infestation by D. suzukii or Z. indianus. In the field, the natural infestation capacity and biological development of D. suzukii and Z. indianus were verified in whole fruits at the ripening stages ER, OR, and OV. The natural infestation was directly related to the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits (resistance to penetration force, pH, and total soluble solids). In the no-choice bioassay, the oviposition rate of D. suzukii did not differ between the ripening stages of the fruit. However, in the choice bioassay, there was a higher preference for oviposition in OV fruits. Regarding Z. indianus, the highest preference for oviposition was observed in OR and OV fruits in both bioassays. The presence of mechanical damage did not increase the susceptibility of the fruits to D. suzukii. However, it favored the oviposition of Z. indianus in OR and OV fruits. The damage caused by D. suzukii or mechanical damage favored the infestation by Z. indianus. This is the first report of the capacity of D. suzukii to infest whole persimmons in Brazil.

中文翻译：

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铃木果蝇（双翅目：果蝇科）和 Zaprionus indianus 的物理化学特征和表面损伤调节柿子侵染

最近在巴西观察到铃木果蝇（Matsumura）（双翅目：果蝇科）和 Zaprionus indianus Gupta（双翅目：果蝇科）共同感染柿子。我们通过 D. suzukii 和 Z. indianus 在田间和实验室条件下评估了柿子在不同成熟阶段（未成熟，UN；早熟，ER；橙熟，OR 和过熟，OV）的侵染敏感性。此外，我们还确定了理化特性的影响（例如，抗穿透力、果皮颜色、酸度 (pH)、TSS 浓度、总可滴定酸度 [TTA]）和促进 D. suzukii 或 Z 侵染的损害类型. 印第安努斯。在田间，D. suzukii 和 Z. indianus 的自然侵染能力和生物发育在成熟阶段 ER、OR 和 OV 的整个果实中得到验证。自然侵染与果实的理化特性（抗穿透力、pH 值和总可溶性固体）直接相关。在无选择生物测定中，D. suzukii 的产卵率在果实成熟阶段之间没有差异。然而，在选择生物测定中，OV 果实更倾向于产卵。关于 Z. indianus，在两种生物测定中都观察到 OR 和 OV 果实对产卵的最高偏好。机械损伤的存在并没有增加果实对 D. suzukii 的易感性。然而，它有利于 Z. indianus 在 OR 和 OV 果实中的产卵。D. suzukii 造成的损害或机械损害有利于 Z. indianus 的侵染。这是关于 D. suzukii 在巴西侵染整个柿子的能力的第一份报告。