Sustainable development goals connect policies addressing air quality and energy efficiency with complementary benefits for climate mitigation. However, a typically fragmented approach across these domains hinders effectiveness in addressing short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs)—including methane, carbon monoxide, non-methane volatile organic compounds and black carbon—to supplement CO₂ mitigation. Here, to support policy coordination in India, we assess climate co-benefits of air quality and clean energy policies, using multiple metrics (global warming and temperature change potentials). We estimate an emission reduction potential of −0.1 to −1.8 GtCO₂e yr⁻¹ in 2030. The largest benefits accrue from residential clean energy policy (biomass cooking) and air pollution regulation (curbing brick production and agricultural residue burning emissions), which cut black carbon. In the next 1–2 decades (using global warming potential—GWP20), emission reduction potentials of warming SLCFs exceed those of CO₂, which is not evident on longer timescales. Concurrently, policies in the electricity generation and transport sectors reduce cooling SLCFs (SO₂ and NO_x), potentially unmasking 0.1–2.4 GtCO₂e yr⁻¹. Integrating these interventions into national climate policies can strengthen both climate action and sustainability. The crucial impact of black carbon suggests that it should be included in the international climate accord.

可持续发展目标将解决空气质量和能源效率的政策与缓解气候变化的附加效益联系起来。但是，跨这些领域的通常分散的方法阻碍了解决短期气候推动因素（SLCF）（包括甲烷，一氧化碳，非甲烷挥发性有机化合物和黑碳）以补充CO ₂缓解的有效性。在这里，为了支持印度的政策协调，我们使用多个指标（全球变暖和温度变化的潜力）评估了空气质量和清洁能源政策的气候共同效益。我们估计减排潜力为-0.1至-1.8 GtCO ₂ e yr ^-1到2030年，最大的收益来自住宅清洁能源政策（生物质烹饪）和空气污染法规（遏制砖块生产和农业残渣燃烧排放），这些技术削减了黑碳。在接下来的1-2年中（使用全球变暖潜能GWP20），变暖的SLCF的减排潜力超过了CO ₂，这在较长的时间范围内并不明显。同时，发电和运输部门的政策减​​少了冷却的SLCF（SO ₂和NO _x），有可能掩盖0.1–2.4 GtCO ₂ e yr ^-1。将这些干预措施纳入国家气候政策可以加强气候行动和可持续性。黑碳的关键影响表明，应将其纳入国际气候协定中。