ABSTRACT Recent studies in human–human interaction (HHI) have revealed the propensity of negative emotional expression to initiate affiliating functions which are beneficial to the expresser and also help fostering cordiality and closeness amongst interlocutors during conversation. Effort in human–robot interaction has also been devoted to furnish robots with the expression of both positive and negative emotions. However, only a few have considered body gestures in context with the dialogue act functions conveyed by the emotional utterances. This study aims on furnishing robots with humanlike negative emotional expression, specifically anger-based body gestures roused by the utterance context. In this regard, we adopted a multimodal HHI corpus for the study, and then analyzed and established predominant gestures types and dialogue acts associated with anger-based utterances in HHI. Based on the analysis results, we implemented these gesture types in an android robot, and carried out a subjective evaluation to investigate their effects on the perception of anger expression in utterances with different dialogue act functions. Results showed significant effects of the presence of gesture on the anger degree perception. Findings from this study also revealed that the functional content of anger-based utterances plays a significant role in the choice of the gesture accompanying such utterances. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

中文翻译：

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安卓机器人愤怒表情中的身体姿势分析与评价

摘要 最近关于人与人互动 (HHI) 的研究表明，负面情绪表达倾向于启动对表达者有益的附属功能，也有助于在对话过程中培养对话者之间的亲切感和亲密感。人机交互的努力也致力于为机器人提供积极和消极情绪的表达。然而，只有少数人在情感表达所传达的对话行为功能的上下文中考虑了身体姿势。本研究旨在为机器人提供类似人类的负面情绪表达，特别是由话语上下文引起的基于愤怒的身体手势。在这方面，我们采用了多模态 HHI 语料库进行研究，然后分析并建立了与 HHI 中基于愤怒的话语相关的主要手势类型和对话行为。基于分析结果，我们在一个机器人机器人中实现了这些手势类型，并进行了主观评估，以研究它们对具有不同对话行为功能的话语中愤怒表达感知的影响。结果表明手势的存在对愤怒程度感知有显着影响。这项研究的结果还表明，基于愤怒的话语的功能内容在选择伴随此类话语的手势中起着重要作用。图形概要 并进行了主观评估，以研究它们对具有不同对话行为功能的话语中愤怒表达感知的影响。结果表明手势的存在对愤怒程度感知有显着影响。这项研究的结果还表明，基于愤怒的话语的功能内容在选择伴随此类话语的手势中起着重要作用。图形概要 并进行了主观评估，以研究它们对具有不同对话行为功能的话语中愤怒表达感知的影响。结果表明手势的存在对愤怒程度感知有显着影响。这项研究的结果还表明，基于愤怒的话语的功能内容在选择伴随此类话语的手势中起着重要作用。图形概要