Stem‐cell‐based therapies for retinal degenerative diseases: Current challenges in the establishment of new treatment strategies,Development, Growth & Differentiation

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Stem‐cell‐based therapies for retinal degenerative diseases: Current challenges in the establishment of new treatment strategies
Development, Growth & Differentiation ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 , DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12704
Hirofumi Uyama _{1,

2} , Michiko Mandai _{1,

2} , Masayo Takahashi _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Various advances have been made in the treatment of retinal diseases, including new treatment strategies and innovations in surgical devices. However, the treatment of degenerative retinal diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), continues to pose a significant challenge. In this review, we focus on the use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to treat retinal diseases by harnessing the ability of stem cells to differentiate into different body tissues. The retina is a tissue specialized for light sensing, and its degradation leads to vision loss. As part of the central nervous system, the retina has very low regenerative capability, and therefore, treatment options are limited once it degenerates. Nevertheless, innovations in methods to induce the generation of retinal cells and tissues from ESCs/iPSCs enable the development of novel approaches for these irreversible diseases. Here we review some historical background and current clinical trials involving the use of stem‐cell‐derived retinal pigment epithelial cells for AMD treatment and stem cell‐derived retinal cells/tissues for RP therapy. Finally, we discuss our future vision of regenerative treatment for retinal diseases with a partial focus on our studies and introduce other interesting approaches for restoring vision.

中文翻译：

基于干细胞的视网膜退行性疾病疗法：建立新治疗策略的当前挑战

视网膜疾病的治疗取得了各种进展，包括新的治疗策略和手术设备的创新。然而，视网膜色素变性（RP）和年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）等退行性视网膜疾病的治疗继续构成重大挑战。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注胚胎干细胞 (ESC) 和诱导多能干细胞 (iPSC) 通过利用干细胞分化成不同身体组织的能力来治疗视网膜疾病。视网膜是一种专门用于光感应的组织，其退化会导致视力丧失。作为中枢神经系统的一部分，视网膜的再生能力非常低，因此一旦退化，治疗选择就会受到限制。尽管如此，诱导从 ESC/iPSC 产生视网膜细胞和组织的方法的创新使开发针对这些不可逆疾病的新方法成为可能。在这里，我们回顾了一些历史背景和当前的临床试验，这些试验涉及使用干细胞衍生的视网膜色素上皮细胞进行 AMD 治疗和干细胞衍生的视网膜细胞/组织用于 RP 治疗。最后，我们讨论了我们对视网膜疾病再生治疗的未来愿景，部分重点是我们的研究，并介绍了其他有趣的恢复视力的方法。在这里，我们回顾了一些历史背景和当前的临床试验，这些试验涉及使用干细胞衍生的视网膜色素上皮细胞进行 AMD 治疗和干细胞衍生的视网膜细胞/组织用于 RP 治疗。最后，我们讨论了我们对视网膜疾病再生治疗的未来愿景，部分重点是我们的研究，并介绍了其他有趣的恢复视力的方法。在这里，我们回顾了一些历史背景和当前的临床试验，这些试验涉及使用干细胞衍生的视网膜色素上皮细胞进行 AMD 治疗和干细胞衍生的视网膜细胞/组织用于 RP 治疗。最后，我们讨论了我们对视网膜疾病再生治疗的未来愿景，部分重点是我们的研究，并介绍了其他有趣的恢复视力的方法。

更新日期：2020-12-14

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