NLR in eXile: Emerging roles of NLRX1 in immunity and human disease,Immunology

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NLR in eXile: Emerging roles of NLRX1 in immunity and human disease
Immunology ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 , DOI: 10.1111/imm.13291
Robert J Pickering _{1,

2} , Lee M Booty ₁

Affiliation

NLRX1 is a member of the NOD‐like receptor family, a set of pattern recognition receptors associated with innate immunity. Interestingly, NLRX1 exists in somewhat of an exile from its NLR counterparts with unique features that mediate atypical functions compared with traditional NOD‐like receptors (NLRs). Aside from a mitochondrial targeting sequence, the N‐terminal region is yet to be characterized. Mitochondrially located, NLRX1 sits within a subgroup of regulatory NLRs responsible for negatively regulating cellular inflammatory signalling. As well as modulating pathogen response, emerging evidence is implicating NLRX1 as a central homeostatic gatekeeper between mitochondrial biology and immunological response. More recently, NLRX1 has been implicated in a wide range of disease, both pathogen‐driven and otherwise. Emerging links of NLRX1 in cancer biology, autoimmunity and other inflammatory conditions are raising the potential of targeting NLRX1 therapeutically, with recent studies in inflammatory bowel disease showing great promise. Within this review, we address the unique features of NLRX1, its roles in innate immune signalling and its involvement in a range of inflammatory, metabolic and oncology disease indications with a focus on areas that could benefit from therapeutic targeting of NLRX1.

中文翻译：

流放中的 NLR：NLRX1 在免疫和人类疾病中的新作用

NLRX1 是 NOD 样受体家族的成员，这是一组与先天免疫相关的模式识别受体。有趣的是，与传统的 NOD 样受体 (NLR) 相比，NLRX1 与其 NLR 对应物相比具有介导非典型功能的独特特征，在某种程度上存在于流放中。除了线粒体靶向序列外，N 末端区域还有待表征。位于线粒体的 NLRX1 位于负责负调节细胞炎症信号传导的调节性 NLR 亚组中。除了调节病原体反应，新出现的证据表明 NLRX1 是线粒体生物学和免疫反应之间的中心稳态守门人。最近，NLRX1 与多种疾病有关，包括病原体驱动的和其他方面的疾病。NLRX1 在癌症生物学、自身免疫和其他炎症性疾病中的新兴联系正在提高靶向 NLRX1 治疗的潜力，最近对炎症性肠病的研究显示出巨大的希望。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 NLRX1 的独特特征、它在先天免疫信号传导中的作用以及它在一系列炎症、代谢和肿瘤疾病适应症中的作用，重点关注可能受益于 NLRX1 治疗靶向的领域。

更新日期：2021-02-16

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