Are Vertebrates Still Needed in Routine Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing for Oil and Gas Discharges?,Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Are Vertebrates Still Needed in Routine Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing for Oil and Gas Discharges?
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 , DOI: 10.1002/etc.4963
Sarah A Hughes ₁ , Erin M Maloney ₁ , Adriana C Bejarano ₁

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Routine whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing is commonly used to monitor effluent discharges for regulatory compliance in North America. However, the use of fish in WET testing raises ethical concerns and therefore an important question to be explored is whether invertebrates can be used to reduce and/or replace the need for vertebrate testing. The present study evaluated WET data collected for regulatory compliance between 2003 and 2019 (n = 2581 endpoints) from 20 different stationary onshore and offshore oil and gas facilities located across Canada and the United States. Our objective was to assess the relative sensitivity between vertebrates (i.e., fish) and invertebrates in paired samples and to evaluate trends in WET compliance. Despite the variability in testing endpoints, invertebrates displayed equal to or greater sensitivity to tested effluents than fish. For example, based on no‐observed‐effect concentrations for survival and growth, Americamysis bahia was found to be protective of Menidia beryllina in 90% of endpoint comparisons (n = 336). The results also indicated that regulatory compliance was high (94–100%), with most WET tests passing the established criteria by large margins (79–251%). The results of this comprehensive analysis of historical WET data can be used to improve future permit testing requirements and help answer the question of whether fish tests are needed for routine WET testing. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1255–1265. © 2020 SETAC

中文翻译：

在石油和天然气排放的常规整个污水毒性测试中是否仍然需要脊椎动物？

在北美，常规的整体污水毒性 (WET) 测试通常用于监测污水排放，以符合法规要求。然而，在 WET 测试中使用鱼会引起伦理问题，因此需要探讨的一个重要问题是无脊椎动物是否可用于减少和/或替代脊椎动物测试的需要。本研究评估了 2003 年至 2019 年期间为监管合规收集的 WET 数据（n = 2581 个端点）来自位于加拿大和美国的 20 个不同的固定陆上和海上石油和天然气设施。我们的目标是评估配对样本中脊椎动物（即鱼）和无脊椎动物之间的相对敏感性，并评估 WET 依从性的趋势。尽管测试终点存在差异，但无脊椎动物对测试的流出物表现出与鱼类相同或更高的敏感性。例如，基于没有观察到作用浓度的存活和生长，的Americamysis巴伊亚被发现是保护的Menidia beryllina在端点比较的90％（Ñ = 336）。结果还表明，监管合规性很高（94-100%），大多数 WET 测试通过了既定标准（79-251%）。这种对历史 WET 数据的综合分析结果可用于改进未来的许可测试要求，并帮助回答是否需要进行常规 WET 测试的鱼类测试的问题。环境毒理学化学2021；40：1255-1265。© 2020 SETAC

更新日期：2020-12-14

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