Abstract

The purpose of this work is to choose the most efficient methods to recycle caustic waste from the naphthenic acid-removing treatment of light oil fractions. The processes of the formation of pyrophoric deposits in various industries are studied. In the context of the danger of pyrophoric iron sulfides, existing ways and means of deactivating these compounds are analyzed. A review of the patent literature showed that the studied firefighting foaming agents can be divided into two groups, such that the agents in the first group are conventionally based on hydrocarbon surfactants, whereas the agents in the second group include at least one fluorinated component. The feedstock to produce the foaming agent was chosen to be caustic waste from the treatment of light petroleum products. The process of producing a foaming agent includes the simple mixing of calculated amounts of its components at an ordinary temperature. The fire-extinguishing efficiency of this agent is nonuniquely related to the concentrations of the components. The recommended foaming agent in all its main qualities is on a par with popular brands of foaming agents and, in a number of parameters (pour point and foam-expansion ratio in a GVP-600 generator), is even superior to them.

中文翻译：

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基于环烷酸苛性废料的发火沉积减活剂的研制-除油馏分

摘要

这项工作的目的是从轻油馏分的环烷酸去除处理中选择最有效的方法来回收苛性废料。研究了各个行业中发火性沉积物的形成过程。考虑到发火性硫化铁的危险，分析了使这些化合物失活的现有方法。专利文献的回顾表明，所研究的灭火发泡剂可分为两组，以使得第一组中的灭火剂通常基于烃表面活性剂，而第二组中的灭火剂包括至少一种氟化组分。用于生产发泡剂的原料被选为来自轻质石油产品处理的苛性废料。生产发泡剂的方法包括在常温下简单混合计算量的其组分。该试剂的灭火效率与组分的浓度非唯一相关。推荐的发泡剂在所有主要质量方面均与流行品牌的发泡剂相提并论，并且在许多参数（GVP-600发生器的倾点和发泡率）方面甚至优于它们。