Urban parks may provide a range of ecosystem services, but community perspectives can influence the conservation of parks and their biodiversity. Cultural ecosystem services, or the non-material benefits that people receive from nature, can prompt a park’s use and motivate a management response from local government. Our study aimed to explore why people visit urban parks, whether the tacit biodiversity of a park influenced visitation, and understand what park visitors notice, and how being in an urban park makes them feel. Combining both human and more-than-human aspects, we carried out park surveys that comprised an ecological survey and short, three-question interview with park visitors. The park surveys were carried out in six parks each in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia, and Auckland and Wellington, New Zealand. While the biodiversity of species in parks differed significantly within and between cities, we found no consistent relationships between park biodiversity and the numbers of people in parks nor how being in the parks made participants feel. Some park visitors did say that their reason for being in the park was to engage with nature, but other reasons were also listed, such as to meet friends or use specific park facilities, such as gym equipment or playgrounds. Park visitors valued a diverse range of services and natural utilities, such as shade, from their visit. Many interactions were also serendipitous for visitors due to the proximity of urban parks near residential areas, businesses and transport hubs, or as extensions of their homes. We conclude that although the use of parks was not directly tied to biodiversity per se, visitors considered them to be places where they can interact with nature in a range of ways.

中文翻译：

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游客对城市公园的期望：多样性、实用性、偶然性

城市公园可能提供一系列生态系统服务，但社区观点会影响公园及其生物多样性的保护。文化生态系统服务，或人们从大自然中获得的非物质利益，可以促进公园的使用并激发当地政府的管理响应。我们的研究旨在探讨人们为何参观城市公园，公园的隐性生物多样性是否影响了参观，并了解公园游客会注意到什么，以及在城市公园中的感受。结合人类和超人类的两个方面，我们进行了公园调查，包括生态调查和对公园游客的简短的三问访谈。公园调查分别在澳大利亚墨尔本和悉尼以及新西兰奥克兰和惠灵顿的六个公园进行。虽然公园内物种的生物多样性在城市内部和城市之间存在显着差异，但我们发现公园生物多样性与公园内的人数以及在公园内给参与者的感受之间没有一致的关系。一些公园游客确实说他们进入公园的原因是为了与大自然接触，但也列出了其他原因，例如结识朋友或使用特定的公园设施，例如健身器材或游乐场。公园游客从他们的访问中看重了各种服务和自然公用设施，例如树荫。由于城市公园靠近住宅区、企业和交通枢纽，或者作为他们家的延伸，许多互动对游客来说也是偶然的。我们得出的结论是，虽然公园的使用与生物多样性本身没有直接关系，