Preschool children’s engagement/social interaction skills can be seen as aspects of positive functioning, and also act as protective aspects of functioning. On the other hand, hyperactivity/conduct problems are risk aspects that negatively affect children’s everyday functioning. Few studies have investigated such orchestrated effects on mental health in young children over time. The aims of the study are first, to identify homogeneous groups of children having similar pathways in mental health between three time points. Second, to examine how children move between time points in relation to risk and protective factors. Alongitudinal study over 3 years, including 197 Swedish preschool children was used. Questionnaire data collected from preschool teachers. Statistical analysis using person‐oriented methods with repeated cluster analyses. Children high in engagement/social skills and low in conduct problems continue to function well. Children with low engagement/social skills exhibiting both hyperactivity and conduct problems continue to have problems. Children with mixed patterns of protective factors and risk factors showed mixed outcomes. The stability of children’s pathways was quite high if they exhibited many positive protective factors but also if they exhibited many risk factors. Children exhibiting a mixed pattern of protective and risk factors moved between clusters in a less predictable way. That stability in mental health was related to the simultaneous occurrence of either many protective factors or many risk factors supports the notion of orchestrated effects. The results indicate that early interventions need to have a dual focus, including both interventions aimed at enhancing child engagement and interventions focused on decreasing behavior problems.

中文翻译：

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学龄前儿童的参与，社交互动技能，多动和行为问题的纵向途径

学龄前儿童的参与/社交互动能力可以被视为积极功能的一部分，也可以作为功能的保护性方面。另一方面，多动/行为问题是对儿童的日常工作产生负面影响的风险方面。随着时间的流逝，很少有研究调查过这种精心设计的对幼儿心理健康的影响。该研究的目的是首先确定在三个时间点之间心理健康途径相似的同质儿童群体。其次，研究儿童在时间点之间如何与风险和保护因素相关联。进行了为期3年的纵向研究，其中包括197名瑞典学龄前儿童。从学前老师收集的问卷数据。使用以人为本的方法进行统计分析，并进行重复的聚类分析。敬业度/社交能力高，品行低下的孩子们仍然可以正常工作。参与度低/社交能力低的孩子同时表现出多动和行为障碍，仍然存在问题。保护性因素和危险因素混合的儿童表现出不同的结果。如果儿童表现出许多积极的保护因素，但同时又表现出许多危险因素，其路径的稳定性就很高。表现出保护因素和危险因素混合模式的儿童在群集之间移动的方式难以预测。心理健康的稳定与同时发生的许多保护因素或许多危险因素有关，这支持了协调效应的概念。结果表明，早期干预需要双重关注，