Plants alter their morphology and cellular homeostasis to promote resilience under a variety of heat regimes. Molecular processes that underlie these responses have been intensively studied and found to encompass diverse mechanisms operating across a broad range of cellular components, timescales and temperatures. This review explores recent progress throughout this landscape with a particular focus on thermosensing in the model plant Arabidopsis. Direct temperature sensors include the photosensors phytochrome B and phototropin, the clock component ELF3 and an RNA switch. In addition, there are heat-regulated processes mediated by ion channels, lipids and lipid-modifying enzymes, taking place at the plasma membrane and the chloroplast. In some cases, the mechanism of temperature perception is well understood but in others, this remains an open question. Potential novel thermosensing mechanisms are based on lipid and liquid–liquid phase separation. Finally, future research directions of high temperature perception and signalling pathways are discussed.

中文翻译：

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热门话题：植物中的热传感

植物会改变它们的形态和细胞稳态，以促进在各种热状态下的恢复力。已经对作为这些反应基础的分子过程进行了深入研究，并发现它们包含在广泛的细胞成分、时间尺度和温度范围内运行的多种机制。本综述探讨了这一领域的最新进展，特别关注模式植物拟南芥中的热传感。直接温度传感器包括光传感器光敏色素 B 和光敏素、时钟组件 ELF3 和 RNA 开关。此外，还有由离子通道、脂质和脂质修饰酶介导的热调节过程，发生在质膜和叶绿体上。在某些情况下，温度感知的机制很好理解，但在其他情况下，这仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。潜在的新型热传感机制基于脂质和液-液相分离。最后，讨论了高温感知和信号通路的未来研究方向。