Mapping and predicting the potential risk of fishing activities to large marine protected areas (MPAs), where management capacity is low but fish biomass may be globally important, is vital to prioritizing enforcement and maximizing conservation benefits. Drifting fish aggregating devices (dFADs) are a highly effective fishing method employed in purse seine fisheries that attract and accumulate biomass fish, making fish easier to catch. However, dFADs are associated with several negative impacts, including high bycatch rates and lost or abandoned dFADs becoming beached on sensitive coastal areas (e.g., coral reefs). Using Lagrangian particle modeling, we determined the potential transit of dFADs in a large MPA around the Chagos Archipelago in the central Indian Ocean. We then quantified the risk of dFADs beaching on the archipelago's reefs and atolls and determined the potential for dFADs to pass through the MPA, accumulate biomass while within, and export it into areas where it can be legally fished (i.e., transit). Over one-third (37.51%) of dFADs posed a risk of either beaching or transiting the MPA for >14 days, 17.70% posed a risk of beaching or transiting the MPA for >30 days, and 13.11% posed a risk of beaching or transiting the MPA for >40 days. Modeled dFADs deployed on the east and west of the perimeter were more likely to beach and have long transiting times (i.e., posed the highest risk). The Great Chagos Bank, the largest atoll in the archipelago, was the most likely site to be affected by dFADs beaching. Overall, understanding the interactions between static MPAs and drifting fishing gears is vital to developing suitable management plans to support enforcement of MPA boundaries and the functioning and sustainability of their associated biomass.

中文翻译：

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漂流鱼聚集装置对大型海洋保护区构成的风险

绘制和预测大型海洋保护区 (MPA) 捕捞活动的潜在风险，在这些区域的管理能力低下，但鱼类生物量可能具有全球重要性，这对于优先执行执法和最大限度地提高保护效益至关重要。漂流鱼聚集装置 (dFAD) 是围网渔业中采用的一种高效捕鱼方法，可吸引和积累生物质鱼，使鱼类更容易捕获。然而，dFADs 会带来一些负面影响，包括高兼捕率和丢失或遗弃的 dFADs 搁浅在敏感的沿海地区（例如珊瑚礁）。使用拉格朗日粒子模型，我们确定了 dFAD 在印度洋中部查戈斯群岛周围大型 MPA 中的潜在传输。然后，我们量化了 dFAD 在群岛上搁浅的风险” s 珊瑚礁和环礁，并确定了 dFAD 穿过海洋保护区、在海洋保护区内积累生物量并将其出口到可以合法捕捞（即过境）的区域的可能性。超过三分之一 (37.51%) 的 dFAD 存在搁浅或穿越 MPA 超过 14 天的风险，17.70% 构成搁浅或穿越 MPA 超过 30 天的风险，13.11% 构成搁浅或穿越 MPA 的风险通过 MPA 超过 40 天。部署在周边东部和西部的模拟 dFAD 更有可能搁浅并且具有较长的运输时间（即构成最高风险）。该群岛最大的环礁大查戈斯海岸是最有可能受到 dFAD 搁浅影响的地点。总体，