The expansion of livestock production and agriculture is responsible for the increase of deforestation rates in the Amazon rainforest, with consequences to climate and micro and macro biodiversity. Although many studies have evaluated the effects of deforestation on the microbiome, its effect on the soil resistome remains unknown. Considering that antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a threat to global health and food security, here we evaluated how land-use change in the Amazon region impacts the soil resistome. Our analysis revealed that several antibiotic resistance mechanisms and genes are common to both the native forest and the altered areas; however, deforestation and subsequent conversion to other land-use systems increased the diversity and abundance of these genes. The enrichment of ARGs is correlated to increased microbial diversity in response to deforestation, along with changes in soil chemical properties, such as pH and aluminum. Our findings demonstrated that Amazon deforestation enriched ARGs in soil and how anthropogenic disturbances may exert selective pressure on the microbial communities expanding the soil resistome. Further investigation is still needed to understand if the ARGs can be transferred via the food chains (e.g. agricultural soils) to humans, jeopardizing antibiotic treatment effectiveness and compromising public health.

畜牧业生产和农业的扩大导致亚马逊热带雨林中森林砍伐率的提高，对气候以及微观和宏观生物多样性产生了影响。尽管许多研究已经评估了森林砍伐对微生物组的影响，但其对土壤抵抗力组的影响仍然未知。考虑到抗生素抗性基因（ARG）对全球健康和食品安全构成威胁，因此我们在此评估了亚马逊地区的土地利用变化如何影响土壤抵抗力。我们的分析表明，几种抗生素耐药性机制和基因对于本地森林和变更地区都是共有的。然而，森林砍伐以及随后向其他土地利用系统的转化增加了这些基因的多样性和丰富性。ARGs的富集与森林砍伐引起的微生物多样性增加以及土壤化学性质（例如pH和铝）的变化相关。我们的发现表明，亚马逊地区的森林砍伐丰富了土壤中的ARG，人为干扰如何对扩大土壤抵抗力的微生物群落施加选择性压力。仍然需要进一步调查，以了解是否可以通过食物链转移ARG（例如农业土壤）对人类的危害，危害了抗生素的治疗效果并损害了公众健康。