From at least the Iron Age up to the Hellenistic period, the Etruscan culture flourished in a large portion of the Italian peninsula, extending from the Po delta and the eastern Alps in the north to Campania in the south. It was characterised by a magnificent and original artistic production that took its inspiration from aspects of the natural environment inserted into mythological contexts of various origins. In Etruscan art, birds occupied a significant place, and were often represented in wall paintings and craft objects. Species still occurring on the Italian mainland, such as swans, ducks, grouse, and partridges, as well as possibly exotic taxa, domestic forms (chickens and pigeons) and other unidentifiable birds were the subject of artistic inspiration. They were depicted not only in purely cult contexts, but also in the backgrounds of naturalistic landscapes.

至少从铁器时代到希腊化时期，伊特鲁里亚文化在意大利半岛的大部分地区蓬勃发展，从北部的波河三角洲和东阿尔卑斯山延伸到南部的坎帕尼亚。它的特点是宏伟而原始的艺术作品，其灵感来自插入各种起源的神话背景的自然环境方面。在伊特鲁里亚艺术中，鸟类占据了重要的地位，并且经常出现在壁画和工艺品中。意大利大陆上仍然存在的物种，例如天鹅、鸭子、松鸡和鹧鸪，以及可能的外来分类群，家养形式（鸡和鸽子）和其他无法识别的鸟类是艺术灵感的主题。它们不仅在纯粹的邪教背景下被描绘，而且在自然景观的背景中也被描绘出来。