Municipal wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs) are prone to the proliferation of cyanobacterial species which thrive in stable, nutrient-rich environments. Dense cyanobacterial blooms frequently disrupt treatment processes and the supply of recycled water due to their production of extracellular polymeric substances, which hinder microfiltration, and toxins, which pose a health risk to end-users. A variety of methods are employed by water utilities for the identification and monitoring of cyanobacteria and their toxins in WWTFs, including microscopy, flow cytometry, ELISA, chemoanalytical methods, and more recently, molecular methods. Here we review the literature on the occurrence and significance of cyanobacterial blooms in WWTFs and discuss the pros and cons of the various strategies for monitoring these potentially hazardous events. Particular focus is directed towards next-generation metagenomic sequencing technologies for the development of site-specific cyanobacterial bloom management strategies. Long-term multi-omic observations will enable the identification of indicator species and the development of site-specific bloom dynamics models for the mitigation and management of cyanobacterial blooms in WWTFs. While emerging metagenomic tools could potentially provide deep insight into the diversity and flux of problematic cyanobacterial species in these systems, they should be considered a complement to, rather than a replacement of, quantitative chemoanalytical approaches.

城市污水处理设施 (WWTF) 容易繁殖蓝藻，这些蓝藻在稳定、营养丰富的环境中茁壮成长。密集的蓝藻大量繁殖经常破坏处理过程和循环水的供应，因为它们会产生阻碍微滤的细胞外聚合物和对最终用户构成健康风险的毒素。自来水公司采用了多种方法来识别和监测 WWTF 中的蓝藻及其毒素，包括显微镜、流式细胞术、ELISA、化学分析方法，以及最近的分子方法。在这里，我们回顾了关于 WWTF 中蓝藻水华发生及其重要性的文献，并讨论了监测这些潜在危险事件的各种策略的利弊。特别关注用于开发特定地点蓝藻水华管理策略的下一代宏基因组测序技术。长期的多组学观察将能够识别指示物种并开发特定地点的水华动力学模型，以缓解和管理 WWTF 中的蓝藻水华。虽然新兴的宏基因组工具可以深入了解这些系统中问题蓝藻物种的多样性和流动性，但它们应被视为对定量化学分析方法的补充，而不是替代。长期的多组学观察将能够识别指示物种并开发特定地点的水华动力学模型，以缓解和管理 WWTF 中的蓝藻水华。虽然新兴的宏基因组工具可以深入了解这些系统中问题蓝藻物种的多样性和流动性，但它们应被视为对定量化学分析方法的补充，而不是替代。长期的多组学观察将能够识别指示物种并开发特定地点的水华动力学模型，以缓解和管理 WWTF 中的蓝藻水华。虽然新兴的宏基因组工具可以深入了解这些系统中问题蓝藻物种的多样性和流动性，但它们应被视为对定量化学分析方法的补充，而不是替代。